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282 <h2>
282 Fostering for Adoption, Concurrent Planning and Temporary Approval as Foster Carers of Approved
Prospective Adopters
282 </h2>
284 </div>
287 <div id="scope_box">
288 <h3>
288 RELATED GUIDANCE
288 </h3>
289 <p>
289 This policy should be read in conjunction with:
289 </p>
290 <p>
290 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441643/Children_Ac
t_Guidance_2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
290 The Children Act 1989 Guidance and Regulations - Volume 2: Care Planning, Placement and Case
Review (2015)
290 </a>
290 </p>
291 <p>
291 <a
href="http://www.coram.org.uk/sites/default/files/resource_files/46%20Fostering%20for%20Adoption%2
0Guidance_2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
291 Fostering for Adoption: Practice Guidance (CoramBAAF)
291 </a>
291 </p>
292 <p>
292 <a
href="http://www.first4adoption.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Fostering-for-Adoption-Becoming-
a-Carer.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
292 Fostering for Adoption: Becoming a Carer (CoramBAAF)
292 </a>
292 </p>
293 <p>
293 <span class="bold">
293 Foster to Adoption Presentation
293 </span>
293 , available at:
293 <span class="italic">
293 N:\Directorate of Social & Community Services\Children & Families\Strategies Policies
& Procedures\Adoption and Permanence
293 </span>
293 </p>
294 <p>
294 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/adoption-leave-and-pay-technical-guidance-for-emp
loyers" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
294 Adoption Leave and Pay: Technical Guidance for Employers (BEIS, 2015)
294 </a>
294 </p>
295 <h3>
295 AMENDMENT
295 </h3>
296 <p>
296 <a href="#duty">
296 Section 4.1, Duty to Consider Fostering for Adoption Placement
296 </a>
296 was updated in April 2018 to reflect the additional consideration (added by section 9 Children and
Social Work Act 2017 into the list of considerations whenever a court or adoption agency is coming
to a decision relating to the adoption of a child), of the relationship which the child has with
relatives, with any person who is a prospective adopter with whom the child is placed and with any
other person in relation to whom the court or agency considers the relationship to be relevant.
296 </p>
297 </div>
298 <div id="sections">
300 <h3 id="sections_list">
300 Contents
300 </h3>
301 <ol>
302 <li>
302 <a href="#intro">
302 Introduction
302 </a>
302 </li>
303 <li>
303 <a href="#examples">
303 Examples of Situations Where Placements with Dually-Approved Carers may be Appropriate
303 </a>
303 </li>
304 <li>
304 <a href="#concurrent_planning">
304 Concurrent Planning
304 </a>
304 </li>
305 <li>
305 <a href="#foster_adopt">
305 Fostering for Adoption
305 </a>
305 </li>
306 <li>
306 <a href="#temp_approval">
306 Temporary Approval as Foster Carers of Approved Prospective Adopters
306 </a>
306 </li>
307 </ol>
308 <h3 id="intro">
308 1. Introduction
308 </h3>
309 <p>
309 This procedure deals with placement of a child with carers who are dually approved, i.e. approved
both as prospective adopters and as local authority foster carers.
309 </p>
310 <p>
310 The advantage of this type of placement is that the child will be placed with foster carers who,
subject to a Placement Order being made, or parental consent, are expected to go on to become the
child's adoptive family. The child therefore benefits from an early placement with their eventual
permanent carers. Delay in finding a permanent family for young children who have already
experienced neglect early on in their lives may have a profoundly damaging effect on their
development. This type of placement has potential to reduce this delay and the damage caused
significantly and as a result:
310 </p>
311 <ul>
312 <li>
312 The Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (England) Regulations 2010 were amended (in 2013)
to allow approved prospective adopters to be given temporary approval as foster carers for a
named child;
312 </li>
313 <li>
313 There is a duty upon local authorities to consider a placement with dually approved carers
whenever it is considering adoption or where the decision has been made that the child ought to
be placed for adoption, but where the agency does not yet have authority to place the child for
adoption through either a placement order or parental consent. (section 22C(9B) Children Act
1989 (as amended by the Children and Families Act 2014).
313 </li>
314 </ul>
315 <p>
315 These placements are foster placements. This placement will only become an adoptive placement if:
315 </p>
316 <ol>
317 <li>
317 The Agency Decision Maker (ADM) has decided that the child should be placed for adoption; and
317 </li>
318 <li>
318 Either a Placement Order has been made; or
318 </li>
319 <li>
319 Parental consent to the child's adoption is given.
319 </li>
320 </ol>
321 <p>
321 It is possible that such a placement may not lead to adoption, for example because the child's
plan changes where rehabilitation with the birth family is successful, because suitable family or
friends come forward or because the court does not agree to make a Placement Order. This may mean
that the child returns home or is moved to another permanence arrangement. But, for the vast
majority of children in such placements, progression towards adoption will be the anticipated
outcome.
321 </p>
322 <p>
322 Local authorities will need to ensure that people who are willing to care for a child in this way
are fully aware that the placement may not lead to adoption, and that they have been given
appropriate information and training so that they understand their role and legal responsibilities
as foster carers and ongoing support once the placement has been made.
322 </p>
323 <p>
323 Concurrent planning is an established practice for placing children with dually approved
carers. As these placements are foster placements, rather than placements for adoption, they could
be made under existing legislation. The law has, however, developed to make the situation more
explicit.
323 </p>
324 <h3 id="examples">
324 2. Examples of Situations Where Placements with Dually-Approved Carers may be Appropriate
324 </h3>
325 <ul>
326 <li>
326 Where parents have had one or more child/ren previously placed for adoption or other forms of
permanent placement and the evidence strongly suggests that their circumstances have not changed
and they pose the same risks as they did to the previous child/ren;
326 </li>
327 <li>
327 The local authority does not have a proactive plan to rehabilitate the child as the
circumstances of the parents are such to pose a serious on-going risk;
327 </li>
328 <li>
328 Where this is the first child, the circumstances of the parents and the risks to the child are
such that there is no proactive plan to return the child to the birth parents or to other family
members;
330 </li>
331 <li>
331 Where parents have indicated that they may want their child adopted, but have not formally
consented.
332 </li>
333 </ul>
334 <p>
334 The local authority should not consider such a placement where the child is Accommodated under
section 20 Children Act 1989 and there is a reasonable likelihood that the child will be able to
return to his or her birth parents or to family or friends.
334 </p>
335 <h3 id="concurrent_planning">
335 3. Concurrent Planning
335 </h3>
336 <p>
336 Concurrent planning is usually used in cases where rehabilitation with the birth family is still
being attempted, but it is expected that adoption will become the plan for the child should the
rehabilitation not be successful.
336 </p>
337 <p>
337 Concurrent planning requires the identification and delivery of a detailed rehabilitation plan
while the child is placed with carers who are approved for both fostering and adoption who support
that plan. If the rehabilitation plan proves to be unsuccessful, the foster carers can go on to
adopt the child once Care Proceedings and the Placement Order application are completed.
337 </p>
338 <p>
338 It involves placing a Looked After child with approved foster carers who, as well as providing
temporary care for the child, bring them to regular supervised contact sessions with their parents
and other relatives. In addition, the carer may spend time with the parents at both ends of
contact sessions to update them on the child's progress. This enables a relationship to develop
which is supportive to the parents. The agency provides focussed support via a contact supervisor
whose role is to advise the parents to help them to change their lifestyle and improve their
parenting skills with the aim of enabling their child to return home to them. If this is the
outcome, the child will have maintained contact with their parents and have sustained their
attachment because of the regular contact visits. But the carers are also approved as adopters so
that if the parents' rehabilitation plan is not successful, the child may be placed with the
carers for adoption, ensuring a continuity of attachment.
338 </p>
339 <h3 id="foster_adopt">
339 4. Fostering for Adoption
339 </h3>
340 <h4 id="duty">
340 4.1 Duty to Consider Fostering for Adoption Placement
341 </h4>
342 <p>
342 Under section 22C (9A and 9B) of the Children Act 1989 (as amended by the Children and Families
Act 2014), where the local authority are considering adoption for a child (see
342 <a href="#consider_adopt_for_child">
342 Section 4.2, Considering Adoption for a Child
342 </a>
342 ) or are satisfied that the child ought to be placed for adoption but is not yet authorised
(either by consent or by Placement Order) to place the child for adoption, the authority
342 <span class="bold">
342 MUST
342 </span>
342 consider placing the child with a relative, friend or other Connected Person who is also a local
authority foster carer or, where they decide that such a placement is not the most appropriate
placement, then they must consider placing the child with a local authority foster carer who has
been approved as a prospective adopter.
342 </p>
343 <p>
343 Where a child is placed in a fostering for adoption placement, the relationship which the child
has with the person who is a prospective adopter must be considered by the Court or Adoption
Agency alongside other relevant relationships the child has with their relatives or other persons.
(See
343 <a href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/16/section/9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
343 s.9 Children and Social Work Act 2017 amending s.1(f) Adoption and Children Act 2002
343 </a>
343 ).
343 </p>
344 <p>
344 In such a situation, the requirements under the section 22 of the Children Act 1989 to ensure that
placements allow the child to live near the parents' home, be placed within the local authority
area, remain at the same school and to be placed together with sibling(s), do not apply.
344 </p>
345 <p>
345 (The carers may be dually approved by being fully approved adopters and foster carers for any
child, or they might be approved prospective adopters who have been temporarily approved as foster
carers for a named child under regulation 25A of the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review
(England) Regulations 2010 – see
345 <a href="#temp_approval">
345 Section 5, Temporary Approval as Foster Carers of Approved Prospective Adopters
345 </a>
345 .)
345 </p>
346 <p>
346 Such a placement must be approved by the
346 <a href="files/sod_decision_making.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
346 Nominated Officer
346 </a>
346 who must:
346 </p>
347 <ul>
348 <li>
348 Be satisfied that:
349 <ul>
350 <li>
350 The placement is the most appropriate placement available for the child and will safeguard
and promote his/her welfare; and
350 </li>
351 <li>
351 The child's wishes and feelings have been ascertained and given due consideration, and the
IRO has been informed; and
351 </li>
352 </ul>
353 </li>
354 <li>
354 If their whereabouts are known, notify the child's parent(s)/guardian of the proposed placement.
354 </li>
355 </ul>
356 <p>
356 (It is expected that the Nominated Officer will be a social worker with a good understanding of
care planning, including adoption and fostering. It could be the adoption Agency Decision Maker.)
356 </p>
357 <h4 id="consider_adopt_for_child">
357 4.2 Considering Adoption for a Child
358 </h4>
359 <p>
359 Examples of when a local authority may be considering adoption include:
359 </p>
360 <ul>
361 <li>
361 Where the local authority is trying to rehabilitate the child with the birth parents, there are
no suitable family or friends carers and adoption is the best option for the child if
rehabilitation does not succeed;
361 </li>
362 <li>
362 Where the local authority has decided at the permanence planning stage that adoption should be
the plan for the child. The local authority must be able to demonstrate to the ADM and the court
why the child cannot return home, why the child has not been placed with family or friends, why
no other permanence plan is appropriate for the child and why adoption is the right plan for the
child;
362 </li>
363 <li>
363 In cases where the birth parents have indicated that they are likely to consent to the child
being placed for adoption, but have not yet consented;
363 </li>
364 <li>
364 A Fostering for Adoption placement can also be made after the ADM has made the decision that the
child should be placed for adoption, but does not yet have authority to place the child for
adoption.
364 </li>
365 </ul>
366 <p>
366 Examples of where a local authority will
366 <span class="bold">
366 not
366 </span>
366 be considering adoption include:
366 </p>
367 <ul>
368 <li>
368 The child is likely to return home;
368 </li>
369 <li>
369 They are aware that there are family or friends who can care for the child;
369 </li>
370 <li>
370 A permanence placement other than adoption is more appropriate for the child.
370 </li>
371 </ul>
372 <p>
372 If, at any point during the planning of a Fostering for Adoption placement or if the child is
already in such a placement, there is any change to the circumstances of prospective carers,
including relatives, a planning meeting with the Fostering for Adoption carers and all
professionals involved should take place to consider the new information at the earliest
opportunity, so that the carers can make an informed choice about their position. Similarly, this
also allows the local authority to consider their position in light of the change in
circumstances.
373 </p>
374 <h4>
374 4.3 Notifications
375 </h4>
376 <p>
376 Where a decision is made to place a child in a Fostering for Adoption placement, the adoption
agency must:
376 </p>
377 <ul>
378 <li>
378 Notify the prospective adopter in writing;
378 </li>
379 <li>
379 Explain the decision to the child in an appropriate manner, having regard to the child's age and
understanding;
379 </li>
380 <li>
380 Explain to the birth parents (which includes fathers without Parental Responsibility) / guardian
the legal implications.
380 </li>
381 </ul>
382 <p>
382 On those occasions where the child is voluntarily Accommodated under section 20 of the Children
Act, the notification should remind the birth parents of their right to remove the child from the
local authority's care and should provide advice on access to legal advice and appropriate
advisory bodies. At this point, the Local Authority may wish to consider commencing care
proceedings.
382 </p>
383 <p>
383 The parents should be informed that the local authority cannot pre-judge the outcome of Care
Proceedings and only the court can authorise placement for adoption if the parents do not consent
to their child being placed for adoption.
383 </p>
384 <h3 id="temp_approval">
384 5. Temporary Approval as Foster Carers of Approved Prospective Adopters
384 </h3>
385 <p>
385 Approved prospective adopters can be given temporary approval as foster carers under 25A of
the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (England) Regulations 2010. This temporary foster
carer approval process can be carried out at the same time as the adopter approval process.
385 </p>
386 <p>
386 This temporary approval can be given for a
386 <span class="bold">
386 named
386 </span>
386 Looked After child, where the local authority consider that this is in the child's best interests.
386 </p>
387 <p>
387 Before giving such approval, the responsible authority must:
387 </p>
388 <ul>
389 <li>
389 Assess the suitability of that person to care for the child as a foster carer; and
389 </li>
390 <li>
390 Consider whether, in all the circumstances and taking into account the services to be provided
by the responsible authority, the proposed arrangements will safeguard and promote the
child's welfare and meet the child's needs as set out in the Care Plan.
390 </li>
391 </ul>
392 <p>
392 The temporary approval period expires when:
392 </p>
393 <ul>
394 <li>
394 The placement is terminated by the local authority;
394 </li>
395 <li>
395 The approval as a prospective adopter is terminated;
395 </li>
396 <li>
396 The prospective adopter is approved as a foster carer;
396 </li>
397 <li>
397 The prospective adopter gives 28 days' written notice that they no longer wish to be temporarily
approved as a foster parent in relation to the child; or
397 </li>
398 <li>
398 The child is placed for adoption with the prospective adopter in accordance with the Adoption
and Children Act 2002.
398 </li>
399 </ul>
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