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282 <h2>
282 Remands to Local Authority Accommodation or to Youth Detention Accommodation
282 </h2>
284 </div>
287 <div id="scope_box">
288 <h3>
288 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
288 </h3>
289 <p>
289 Whenever a court refuses bail to a child/young person (aged 10-17), the court is required to
remand the child to local authority accommodation unless certain conditions are met, in which case
the court may instead remand the child to Youth Detention Accommodation. Every such child (whether
remanded to Youth Detention Accommodation or to local authority accommodation) will be treated as
Looked After by their designated local authority.
289 </p>
290 <p>
290 See also the following chapters:
290 </p>
291 <p>
291 <a href="p_look_aft_rev.html">
291 Looked After Reviews Procedure
291 </a>
291 </p>
292 <p>
292 <a href="p_sw_visits.html">
292 Social Worker Visits to Looked After Children Procedure
292 </a>
292 </p>
293 <p>
293 <a href="p_app_role_iro.html">
293 Appointment and Role of Independent Reviewing Officers Procedure
293 </a>
293 </p>
294 <h3>
294 RELATED GUIDANCE
294 </h3>
295 <p>
295 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441643/Children_Ac
t_Guidance_2015.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
295 The Children Act 1989 Guidance and Regulations - Volume 2: Care Planning, Placement and Case
Review (2015)
295 </a>
295 </p>
296 <p>
296 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/manage-bail-and-remand/manage-bail-and-remands-se
ction-3-case-management-guidance" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
296 YJB - Manage bail and remands: section 3 case management guidance
296 </a>
296 </p>
297 <h3>
297 AMENDMENT
297 </h3>
298 <p>
298 In April 2019, this chapter was updated in relation to placing young people in custody, see
298 <a href="#request">
298 Section 2.3, How to Request a Transfer or Placement Review
298 </a>
298 .
298 </p>
299 </div>
300 <div id="sections">
302 <h3 id="sections_list">
302 Contents
302 </h3>
303 <ol>
304 <li class="sub_list">
304 <a href="#youth_remand">
304 Youth Remand Framework under the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
304 </a>
304 </li>
305 <li class="sub_list">
305 <a href="#youth_detention">
305 Youth Detention Accommodation
305 </a>
306 <ol>
307 <li class="sub_list">
307 <a href="#designated_la">
307 Designated Local Authority
307 </a>
307 </li>
308 <li class="sub_list">
308 <a href="#sg_ch_remand">
308 Safeguarding Children and Young People who are on Remand
308 </a>
308 </li>
309 </ol>
310 </li>
311 <li class="sub_list">
311 <a href="#la_accommodation">
311 Local Authority Accommodation
311 </a>
311 </li>
312 <li class="sub_list">
312 <a href="#escort_arrangements">
312 Escort Arrangements
312 </a>
312 </li>
313 <li class="sub_list">
313 <a href="#ch_remand">
313 Children who Turn 18 Years of Age During their Remand
313 </a>
313 </li>
314 <li class="sub_list">
314 <a href="#care_planning">
314 Care Planning for Young People on Remand or Youth Detention Accommodation
314 </a>
314 </li>
315 </ol>
316 <h3 id="youth_remand">
316 1. Youth Remand Framework under the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act
2012
316 </h3>
317 <p>
317 Under the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders (LASPO) Act 2012 all children who are
charged with an offence and refused bail must be remanded into local authority accommodation, or
(where certain criteria are met) Youth Detention Accommodation. In both situations, the cost of
this accommodation must be met by the designated local authority, and the child will attain Looked
After status.
317 </p>
318 <p>
318 The Act gives local authorities greater financial responsibility for remands to Youth Detention
Accommodation. Youth Offending Teams will therefore have a financial interest in ensuring that
they are adequately prepared for the remand hearing. For example Youth Offending Teams should,
where appropriate, assist the court with information relating to:
318 </p>
319 <ul>
320 <li>
320 Available bail packages (e.g. Bail Support Programmes);
320 </li>
321 <li>
321 Available local authority accommodation (e.g. Remand Foster Care);
321 </li>
322 <li>
322 Relevant conditions available that may be attached to a remand to local authority accommodation
or bail;
322 </li>
323 <li>
323 Which local authority should be designated by the court where a child has been remanded to local
authority accommodation or Youth Detention Accommodation.
323 </li>
324 </ul>
325 <p>
325 When a Looked After Child appears in court charged with an offence, the local authority, working
with the child's solicitor and the responsible YOT, should ordinarily work towards securing bail
for the child.
325 </p>
326 <p>
326 Care planning should consider the young person's needs both during the period of remand and
following the court hearing. The Care Plan will also need to consider arrangements for the young
person's support should they be convicted and receive a custodial sentence. Furthermore, local
authority support to the child and their family during this time is important, and efforts should
be made to ensure that time on remand does not disrupt existing ties between the child and their
community.
326 </p>
327 <h3 id="youth_detention">
327 2. Youth Detention Accommodation
327 </h3>
328 <p>
328 When a child or young person under 18 is remanded or sentenced to custody, the
328 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/youth-custody-service-placement-team" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
328 Youth Custody Service
328 </a>
328 decides where they should be placed.
328 </p>
329 <p>
329 This comprises the following kinds of accommodation:
329 </p>
330 <ul>
331 <li>
331 A secure children's home;
331 </li>
332 <li>
332 A secure training centre;
332 </li>
333 <li>
333 A Young Offender Institution.
333 </li>
334 </ul>
335 <p>
335 A court can only order a Remand to Youth Detention Accommodation where the following conditions
(set out in Section 98 and 99 LAPSOA) are met:
335 </p>
336 <ul>
337 <li>
337 The age condition, i.e. that they are aged at least 12 (but under 18 years of age);
337 </li>
338 <li>
338 The offence condition, i.e. the offence(s) to which the remand proceedings relate is a violent
offence, sexual offence or one that if committed by an adult is punishable with a term of
imprisonment of 14 years or more; or
338 </li>
339 <li>
339 The “'history conditions'” and “'sentencing condition'”: one of two sets of history conditions
has to be met and there must be a real prospect of the child being sentenced to a custodial
sentence for the offence(s) before the court. The two history conditions are:
340 <ul>
341 <li>
341 The child has a recent history of absconding whilst subject to remand to local authority or
youth detention and the offence(s) to which the remand proceedings relate is alleged to
be/has been found to have been committed whilst the child was remanded;
341 </li>
342 <li>
342 The offence(s) to which the proceedings relate, when taken with previous imprisonable
offences for which they have been convicted, amounts to a recent history of committing
imprisonable offences while on bail or remand to local authority accommodation or youth
detention accommodation.
342 </li>
343 </ul>
344 </li>
345 <li>
345 The necessity condition, i.e. that the court is of the opinion that after considering all the
options for remanding the child, including remand in local authority (non-secure) accommodation,
only remanding the child in Youth Detention Accommodation would be adequate for the protection
of the public from death or serious personal injury occasioned by further offences committed by
that child or to prevent the commission by the child of imprisonable offences; and
345 </li>
346 <li>
346 The legal representation condition, i.e. the child must be legally represented or not
represented for specified reasons that are set out in Section 98.
346 </li>
347 </ul>
348 <h4 id="designated_la">
348 2.1 Designated Local Authority
348 </h4>
349 <p>
349 The court will ask the YOT officers in court which is the designated local authority for the child
or young person. If a remand to Youth Detention Accommodation is being considered, it is important
that this designation is correctly made. For Looked After children and young people, the
designation must be to the 'home' authority, regardless of where they are living or where the
offence took place.
349 </p>
350 <h4 id="sg_ch_remand">
350 2.2 Safeguarding Children and Young People who are on Remand
350 </h4>
351 <p>
351 Children and young people in custody can be particularly vulnerable. When a child or young person
is remanded, the social worker should request a copy of the complaints procedure for the
establishment. Social workers should then familiarise themselves with the complaints process and
check that the child has been provided with information about, and understands, the complaints
process and also about their entitlement to advocacy.
351 </p>
352 <p>
352 Young people who are remanded should also be provided with information which is routinely given to
all children who become looked after. This could include for example:
352 </p>
353 <ul>
354 <li>
354 Contact details for their Social Worker, Independent Reviewing Officer and sources of support
(including out of hours);
354 </li>
355 <li>
355 Contact details for the Children's Commissioner Advice Line (0800 528 0731 /
355 <a href="mailto:advice.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk">
355 advice.team@childrenscommissioner.gov.uk
355 </a>
355 );
355 </li>
356 <li>
356 Information on the local Children's Rights / Advocacy Service / Independent Visitors for
Looked After Children.
356 </li>
357 </ul>
358 <p>
358 If a remanded child complains to their social worker about any aspect of their care while
remanded, this should be recorded on the child's electronic record and reported to a manager and
the child's IRO. The most appropriate response will vary depending on the nature of the complaint,
and the type of accommodation the young person is remanded to, but could include a referral to
Children's Social Care and possible Section 47 Enquiry if the complaint concerns actual or likely
Significant Harm.
358 </p>
359 <p>
359 If the complaint concerns an allegation against staff, the multi agency allegations procedure
should be followed. Complaints in relation to services provided by a local authority should be
dealt with under the Complaints and Representations Procedure.
359 </p>
360 <p>
360 Where there are concerns that the young person is not being safeguarded or their welfare promoted
(for example, there are concerns relating to the quality of care the young person is receiving,
the suitability of the type of placement or issues around bullying, self harm, violence or
intimidation), in the first instance it may be possible to resolve the concerns by agreement with
the establishment itself.
360 </p>
361 <p>
361 Where issues cannot be resolved at establishment level, and if the responsible authority is of the
view that the young person needs to be moved to another establishment, see
361 <a href="#request">
361 Section 2.3, How to Request a Transfer or Placement Review
361 </a>
361 .
361 </p>
362 <p>
362 The Local Authority should inform the establishment and Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service
Young People's Team that they have decided to take this course of action.
362 </p>
363 <h4 id="request">
363 2.3 How to Request a Transfer or Placement Review
363 </h4>
364 <p>
364 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/youth-custody-service-placement-team" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
364 The Youth Custody Service (YCS)
364 </a>
364 carries out placement reviews to decide whether a transfer is required for a child or young
person.
364 </p>
365 <p>
365 YOTs can ask for one if they are responsible for a child or young person and:
365 </p>
366 <ul>
367 <li>
367 Their circumstances change;
367 </li>
368 <li>
368 There is a risk or issue with their current placement.
368 </li>
369 </ul>
370 <p>
370 To request a transfer, the YOT should read the
370 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/674661/YCS_Placeme
nt_Review_Guidance.doc" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
370 Placement Review Guidance
370 </a>
370 and then:
370 </p>
371 <ul>
372 <li>
372 Convene a multi-disciplinary meeting to establish how risk can be managed or reduced;
372 </li>
373 <li>
373 Complete the
373 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/674669/Placement
_Review_Form_YCS.docx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
373 Placement Review Form
373 </a>
373 (Refer to the
373 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/674672/Completin
g_the_Placement_Review_Form_Guidance_and_Tips_YCS.docx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
373 Guidance and Tips document
373 </a>
373 for support on completing this form);
373 </li>
374 <li>
374 E-mail it to the Placement Review team at
374 <a href="mailto:YCSTransfers@justice.gov.uk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
374 YCSTransfers@justice.gov.uk
374 </a>
374 .
374 </li>
375 </ul>
376 <p>
376 Other people can ask for a transfer but only the YOT and/or staff at the establishment where the
child is placed should contact the YCS Placement Team.
376 </p>
377 <p>
377 The YCS Placement Team makes the final decision in the best interests of the child or young person
after carefully considering all of the information available and opinions stated.
377 </p>
378 <h3 id="la_accommodation">
378 3. Local Authority Accommodation
378 </h3>
379 <h4>
379 3.1 Meaning of Local Authority Accommodation
379 </h4>
380 <p>
380 This means any accommodation provided by or on behalf of a local authority.
380 </p>
381 <p>
381 A court remanding a child to local authority accommodation may, after consultation with the
designated authority, impose on the authority requirements for securing compliance with any
conditions (see
381 <a href="#conditions">
381 Section 3.3, Conditions/Electronic Monitoring
381 </a>
381 ) imposed on the child by the court, or requirements stipulating that the child must not be placed
with a named person. In the absence of any such requirements, it is for the designated local
authority to decide where the child resides.
381 </p>
382 <h4>
382 3.2 Designated Local Authority
382 </h4>
383 <p>
383 The court will ask the YOT officers in court which is the designated local authority for the child
or young person. The designated local authority will be responsible for identifying a suitable
placement.
383 </p>
384 <h4 id="conditions">
384 3.3 Conditions/Electronic Monitoring
384 </h4>
385 <p>
385 A court remanding a child to local authority accommodation may impose conditions (e.g. to ensure
that (s)he does not interfere with witnesses, or makes him/herself available for the preparation
of court reports). The designated local authority may apply to the court for such conditions to be
imposed.
385 </p>
386 <p>
386 The court may impose electronic monitoring on children aged 12 and over to secure compliance with
such conditions provided that:
386 </p>
387 <ul>
388 <li>
388 The child or young person has been charged with or convicted of a violent or sexual offence, or
an offence punishable in the case of an adult with imprisonment for a term of 14 years or more;
or
388 </li>
389 <li>
389 Is charged with or has been convicted of one or more imprisonable offences which, together with
any other imprisonable offences of which s/he has been convicted in any proceedings, amount, or
would amount if convicted of the offences with which s/he is charged, to a recent history of
repeatedly committing imprisonable offences while remanded on bail or to local authority
accommodation; and
389 </li>
390 <li>
390 The court has been notified by the Secretary of State that electronic monitoring arrangements
are available in the area and is satisfied that the necessary provision can be made under those
arrangements; and
390 </li>
391 <li>
391 The YOT has informed the court that the electronic monitoring requirement is suitable for that
child or young person (s. 3AA of the Bail Act 1976).
391 </li>
392 </ul>
393 <p>
393 A court may, on the application of the designated authority or the child, vary or revoke any such
conditions or requirements.
393 </p>
394 <p>
394 The child may be arrested without an arrest warrant if there are reasonable grounds for suspecting
that the child has broken any such conditions.
394 </p>
395 <h3 id="escort_arrangements">
395 4. Escort Arrangements
395 </h3>
396 <p>
396 Children remanded to Youth Detention Accommodation will be transported by the contracted escort
provider.
396 </p>
397 <h3 id="ch_remand">
397 5. Children who Turn 18 Years of Age During their Remand
397 </h3>
398 <p>
398 Where possible, young people who turn 18 while on remand should remain in the under-18 estate.
This will be until the court case has concluded and their sentence given by the court.
398 </p>
399 <p>
399 When considering whether there is a real prospect that a child will be sentenced to a custodial
sentence for the offence to which the proceedings relate and the child is likely to turn 18 before
conviction, a custodial sentence can include an adult custodial sentence.
399 </p>
400 <h3 id="care_planning">
400 6. Care Planning for Young People Remanded to Local Authority or Youth Detention Accommodation
400 </h3>
401 <p>
401 The decision to remand a child will be made by a Court. This decision may be made at short, or no,
notice for the local authority concerned.
401 </p>
402 <h4>
402 6.1 Remands to Local Authority Accommodation
402 </h4>
403 <ul>
404 <li>
404 Where a child is Looked After only by reason of being remanded to local authority accommodation,
the Care Plan must be prepared within 5 working days of the child being remanded;
404 </li>
405 <li>
405 The Care Plan does not need to include the plan for permanence/long-term plan for the child's
upbringing, unless it is considered that the child needs to remain looked after once the period
of remand has ceased. However, consideration must be given to what longer term support or
accommodation the child will need following the remand episode.
405 </li>
406 </ul>
407 <p>
407 Otherwise, the care planning arrangements are the same as for all other Looked After children –
see
407 <a href="p_dec_look_aft.html">
407 Decision to Look After and Care Planning Procedure
407 </a>
407 .
407 </p>
408 <h4>
408 6.2 Remands to Youth Detention Accommodation
408 </h4>
409 <h5>
409 6.2.1 Where the child was Looked After immediately before being remanded:
409 </h5>
410 <ul>
411 <li>
411 A Detention Placement Plan must be prepared based upon the assessment that has informed the
current Care / Pathway Plan (see
411 <a href="#detention">
411 Section 6.2.3, Detention Placement Plans
411 </a>
411 );
411 </li>
412 <li>
412 A copy of the Care / Pathway Plan must also be given to the Governor, Director or Registered
Manager of the Youth Detention Accommodation;
412 </li>
413 <li>
413 The provisions as to Health Assessments (see
413 <a href="p_healthcare_assmt.html">
413 Health Care Assessments and Plans Procedure
413 </a>
413 ) do not apply.
413 </li>
414 </ul>
415 <h4>
415 6.2.2 Where the child was not Looked After immediately before being remanded:
415 </h4>
416 <p>
416 A Detention Placement Plan must be prepared instead of a Care Plan / Placement Plan, within 10
working days of the remand. This will require an assessment of 'sufficient quality' to ensure
identification of the child's needs and how the YDA Establishment will respond to them on a
day-day basis;
416 </p>
417 <p>
417 The provisions as to Health Assessments (see
417 <a href="p_healthcare_assmt.html">
417 Health Care Assessments and Plans Procedure
417 </a>
417 ) do not apply, but the responsible authority must take all reasonable steps to ensure that the
child is provided with appropriate health care services, in accordance with the Detention
Placement Plan including medical and dental care and treatment, and advice and guidance on health,
personal care and health promotion issues;
417 </p>
418 <p>
418 Visits should take place in accordance with the Social Worker Visits to Looked After Children
Procedure. It is also good practice for the Social Worker to attend the child's remand planning
meetings. In addition, where the child is serving their sentence in a SCH or STC, a visit should
also take place if there has been a notification by the Ofsted Chief Inspector of the
underperformance of a placement provider (under section 30A of the Care Standards Act 2000 or
under Section 47 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994) or, where the child is placed
in a YOI, concerns about the welfare or safety of children are raised by Her Majesty's
Inspectorate of Prisons;
418 </p>
419 <p>
419 In relation to Looked After Reviews Procedure, the responsible authority does not have to consider
whether they should seek any change in the child's legal status, whether there is a plan for
permanence for the child, or whether the placement continues to be the most appropriate available
and whether any change to the placement agreement is likely to become necessary before the next
review (see also Looked After Children and Young People in Contact with the Youth Justice
Service Procedure);
419 </p>
420 <p>
420 The provisions as to avoidance of disruption in education, placements out of area and termination
of placements do not apply.
420 </p>
421 <h4 id="detention">
421 6.2.3 Detention Placement Plans
421 </h4>
422 <p>
422 See
422 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441643/Children_Ac
t_Guidance_2015.pdf#page=150" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
422 Matters to be dealt with in a Detention Placement Plan of the Children Act 1989 Guidance and
Regulations - Volume 2: Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (2015)
422 </a>
422 .
422 </p>
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