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282 <h2>
282 Placements with Parents
282 </h2>
284 </div>
287 <div id="scope_box">
288 <h3>
288 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
288 </h3>
289 <p>
289 This procedure applies to any placement of a child, on a Care Order or an *Interim Care Order,
with a parent or person with Parental Responsibility or person who held a Child Arrangements Order
specifying with whom the child is to live immediately before the Care Order was made, for more
than 24 hours.
289 </p>
290 <p class="tiny_text">
290 *
290 <span class="bold">
290 Note
290 </span>
290 however that this procedure does not apply to children subject to Interim Care Orders where the
placement is required by the court under Section 38(6) Children Act 1989 for the purposes of
assessment, (and is therefore not subject to the Care Planning, Placement and Review Regulations
2010).
290 </p>
291 <p>
291 Children may also be placed with parents having acquired Looked After status following a Remand to
Local Authority Accommodation, see
291 <a href="p_rem_la_yth_det_accomm.html">
291 Remands to Local Authority Accommodation or to Youth Detention Accommodation Procedure
291 </a>
291 .
291 </p>
292 <h3>
292 AMENDMENT
292 </h3>
293 <p>
293 This chapter was updated in April 2019 to note that this procedure does not apply to children
subject to Interim Care Orders where the placement is required by the court under Section 38(6)
Children Act 1989 for the purposes of assessment (see Scope of this Chapter).
293 </p>
294 </div>
295 <div id="sections">
297 <h3 id="sections_list">
297 Contents
297 </h3>
298 <ol>
299 <li class="sub_list">
299 <a href="#planned">
299 Planned Placements
299 </a>
300 <ol>
301 <li class="sub_list">
301 <a href="#i">
301 Consultation before Placement
301 </a>
301 </li>
302 <li class="sub_list">
302 <a href="#ii">
302 Assessment and Checks Before Placement
302 </a>
302 </li>
303 <li class="sub_list">
303 <a href="#iii">
303 Recommending the Plan
303 </a>
303 </li>
304 <li class="sub_list">
304 <a href="#iv">
304 Approval of the Placement
304 </a>
304 </li>
305 <li class="sub_list">
305 <a href="#v">
305 Short Term Placements
305 </a>
305 </li>
306 <li class="sub_list">
306 <a href="#sw_during">
306 Social Work Visits During the Placement
306 </a>
306 </li>
307 <li class="sub_list">
307 <a href="#end_plac">
307 Ending of Placement
307 </a>
307 </li>
308 </ol>
309 </li>
310 <li class="sub_list">
310 <a href="#unplanned">
310 Immediate Placements
310 </a>
310 </li>
311 <li class="sub_list">
311 <a href="#notification">
311 Notification of Placements
311 </a>
311 </li>
312 </ol>
314 <h3 id="planned">
314 1. Planned Placements
314 </h3>
315 <p>
315 In exceptional circumstances a child may be placed without the immediate need for the following
procedures; please see
315 <a href="#unplanned">
315 Section 2, Immediate Placements
315 </a>
315 . A child must not be placed with parents if that would be incompatible with an order as to
contact under Section 34 Children Act 1989.
315 </p>
316 <h4 id="i">
316 1.1 Consultation before Placement
316 </h4>
317 <p>
317 Before a child is placed, the following people must be consulted and their views accounted for:
317 </p>
318 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
319 <li>
319 The child;
319 </li>
320 <li>
320 Both parents (including a parent who is not the proposed carer of the child);
320 </li>
321 <li>
321 Any person with Parental Responsibility;
321 </li>
322 <li>
322 Any other member of the family who is significant to the child;
322 </li>
323 <li>
323 Relevant health practitioners including any health visitor known to the child, the child's GP,
as well as the GP and any health visitor known to the person with whom it is proposed the child
will be placed (with the person's consent);
323 </li>
324 <li>
324 The child's school and the local education service where the child will live;
324 </li>
325 <li>
325 The child's current foster carer and supervising social worker or the manager of the
children's home currently caring for the child;
325 </li>
326 <li>
326 The Probation Provider if it has contact with the family;
326 </li>
327 <li>
327 The Police;
327 </li>
328 <li>
328 The Youth Offending Service;
328 </li>
329 <li>
329 The relevant Children's Services Department if the child is placed in another local
authority's area;
329 </li>
330 <li>
330 The child's Independent Reviewing Officer.
330 </li>
331 </ol>
332 <p>
332 The consultation should be formal. The persons being consulted should be written to, requesting
their views on the proposed placement. It is important that those who are consulted should reply
in writing; their written replies should be placed on the child's case record.
332 </p>
333 <p>
333 If appropriate a letter should also be sent to the child, as part of the consultation process with
the child.
333 </p>
334 <p>
334 Minutes of the Looked After Review which recommended the child's placement can be taken as a
written record of the consultation with those in attendance.
334 </p>
335 <h4 id="ii">
335 1.2 Assessment and Checks before Placement
335 </h4>
336 <p>
336 The suitability of the proposed placement should be assessed through:
336 </p>
337 <ul>
338 <li>
338 Obtaining relevant information about the proposed main carer or carers and all members of the
household;
338 </li>
339 <li>
339 Inspecting the accommodation; and
339 </li>
340 <li>
340 Checking the proposed carer and all members of the household aged 16 and over with:
341 <ul>
342 <li>
342 The Police (Public Protection Unit);
342 </li>
343 <li>
343 The parents and adult members of the household by them applying for a basic DBS check if
they live in England and Wales, or Disclosure Scotland if they live in Scotland, (see
343 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/basic-checks" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
343 DBS Basic Checks Guidance (GOV.UK)
343 </a>
343 );
343 </li>
344 <li>
344 The carer's GP, NSPCC and Children's Services records.
344 </li>
345 </ul>
346 </li>
347 </ul>
348 <p>
348 The assessment should take account of:
348 </p>
349 <ul>
350 <li>
350 The parents' capacity, and the capacity of other adult members of the household, to care for
children and, in particular in relation to the child:
351 <ul>
352 <li>
352 To provide for the child 's physical needs and appropriate medical and dental care;
352 </li>
353 <li>
353 To protect the child adequately from harm or danger, including any person who presents a
risk of harm to the child;
353 </li>
354 <li>
354 To ensure that the home environment is safe for the child including, where relevant, the
need for a risk assessment of any pets and the environment in which they are kept;
354 </li>
355 <li>
355 To ensure that the child's emotional needs are met and he/she is provided with a positive
sense of self, including any particular needs arising from religious persuasion, racial
origin, and cultural and linguistic background, and any disability the child has;
355 </li>
356 <li>
356 To promote the child's learning and intellectual development through encouragement,
cognitive stimulation and the promotion of educational success and social opportunities;
356 </li>
357 <li>
357 To enable the child to regulate his/her emotions and behaviour, including by modelling
appropriate behaviour and interactions with others;
357 </li>
358 <li>
358 To provide a stable family environment to enable the child to develop and maintain secure
attachments to the parents and other persons who provide care for the child.
358 </li>
359 </ul>
360 </li>
361 <li>
361 The parents' state of health (physical, emotional and mental), the parents' medical history,
including current or past issues of domestic violence, substance misuse or mental health
problems;
361 </li>
362 <li>
362 The state of health (physical, emotional and mental) of other adult members of the household and
their medical history, including current or past issues of domestic violence, substance misuse
or mental health problems;
362 </li>
363 <li>
363 The parents' family relationships and the composition of the parents' household, including:
364 <ul>
365 <li>
365 The identity of all other members of the household, their age and the nature of their
relationship with parents and one another, including any sexual relationship; their
relationship with any parent of the child;
365 </li>
366 <li>
366 Other adults who are not members of the household but are likely to have regular contact
with the child;
366 </li>
367 <li>
367 Current/previous domestic violence between household members including the parents.
367 </li>
368 </ul>
369 </li>
370 <li>
370 The parents' family history, including:
371 <ul>
372 <li>
372 The particulars of the parents' childhood and upbringing, including the strengths and
difficulties of their parents/carers;
372 </li>
373 <li>
373 The parents' relationship with their parents and siblings, and their relationships with each
other;
373 </li>
374 <li>
374 The parents' educational achievement, including any specific learning difficulty/disability;
374 </li>
375 <li>
375 A chronology of significant life events;
375 </li>
376 <li>
376 Other relatives and their relationships with the child and parents.
376 </li>
377 </ul>
378 </li>
379 <li>
379 Criminal offences of which the parents or other members of the household have been convicted or
cautioned;
379 </li>
380 <li>
380 Parents' past and present employment/sources of income;
380 </li>
381 <li>
381 The nature of the neighbourhood and resources available in the community to support the child
and parents;
381 </li>
382 <li>
382 Any available information about the parents' previous experiences of looking after children.
Where a parent has other children subject to care/adoption orders, earlier case records should
be explored to ascertain the circumstances which led to social work involvement and any
indication that the capacity of the parent to bring up children has changed.
382 </li>
383 </ul>
384 <h4 id="iii">
384 1.3 Recommending the Plan
384 </h4>
385 <p>
385 In normal circumstances, the child's placement with his or her parent must be part of the Care
Plan, upon the recommendation of a Looked After Review. If the child has previously suffered
Significant Harm when living with the parent and continues also to be the subject of a Child
Protection Plan, the Looked After Review should actively consider the recommendations of a Child
Protection Review Conference before itself recommending the child returns home.
385 </p>
386 <p>
386 The recommendations of the Looked After Review (and Child Protection Review Conference where
applicable) will then be sent to the Permanence Panel
386 <a href="files/sod_decision_making.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
386 Nominated Officer
386 </a>
386 , together with the Care Plan and proposed Placement Plan and a written report covering the
following:
386 </p>
387 <ul>
388 <li>
388 A summary of child's and family's history;
388 </li>
389 <li>
389 A summary of how and why the child came to be in care;
389 </li>
390 <li>
390 A summary of plan for the child when he/she originally came into care;
390 </li>
391 <li>
391 Details of proposed placement with the parent/s including;
392 <ul>
393 <li>
393 Any therapeutic input that may be required to assist the child and/or parents to acknowledge
the reasons for the child being placed in care, to ensure there is no minimisation of
previous actions and to assist in the process of coming to terms with any trauma that may
previously have occurred.
393 </li>
394 </ul>
395 </li>
396 <li>
396 The outcome of the assessments, consultations and enquiries made, including an assessment of the
parents' ability to meet the identified needs of the child;
396 </li>
397 <li>
397 The aims and objectives of the proposed placement (there needs to be great clarity about why
this placement is being proposed) and long term plan for the child;
397 </li>
398 <li>
398 Any identified areas of risk involved in the placement;
398 </li>
399 <li>
399 The support and services to be provided to the family and child to meet the child's needs;
399 </li>
400 <li>
400 Details of supervision of placement;
400 </li>
401 <li>
401 Arrangements for the child's education;
401 </li>
402 <li>
402 Contingency plans in case of breakdown.
402 </li>
403 </ul>
404 <p>
404 As well as the usual contents, the proposed Placement Plan must include the following:
404 </p>
405 <ol>
406 <li>
406 Details of the support and services to be provided to the parents and the child during the
placement;
406 </li>
407 <li>
407 The obligation on the parents to notify the Local Authority of any relevant change in
circumstances including any intention to change address, any changes in the household in which
the child lives and any serious incident involving the child;
407 </li>
408 <li>
408 The obligation on the parents to ensure that any information relating to the child or the
child's family or any other person given in confidence to the parents in connection with the
placement is kept confidential and that such information is not disclosed to any person without
the consent of the Local Authority;
408 </li>
409 <li>
409 The circumstances in which it is necessary to obtain the prior approval of the Local Authority
for the child to live in a household other than that of the parents;
409 </li>
410 <li>
410 The circumstances in which the placement of the child with the parents pending completion of the
assessment of suitability will be terminated if the decision following completion of the
assessment is not to confirm the placement.
410 </li>
411 </ol>
412 <p>
412 <span class="bold">
412 N.B.
412 </span>
412 The Local Authority must provide such services and support to the parents as appear to be
necessary to safeguard and promote the child's welfare, and record details in the Care Plan and
Placement Plan.
412 </p>
413 <h4 id="iv">
413 1.4 Approval of the Placement
413 </h4>
414 <p>
414 The placement can only be made after the endorsement of the Permanence Panel and approval of the
414 <a href="files/sod_decision_making.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
414 Nominated Officer
414 </a>
414 has been given and the Placement Plan prepared, except as set out in
414 <a href="#unplanned">
414 Section 2, Immediate Placements
414 </a>
414 .
414 </p>
415 <p>
415 The Nominated Officer must be satisfied that:
415 </p>
416 <ul>
417 <li>
417 The child's wishes and feelings have been ascertained and given due consideration;
417 </li>
418 <li>
418 The assessment of parents' suitability to care for the child (see
418 <a href="#ii">
418 Section 1.2, Assessment and Checks before Placement
418 </a>
418 ) has been completed;
418 </li>
419 <li>
419 The placement will safeguard and promote the child's welfare;
419 </li>
420 <li>
420 The Independent Reviewing Officer has been consulted.
420 </li>
421 </ul>
422 <p>
422 If approval is given, consideration should be given to whether the Care Order is still required.
The Local Authority and parents may agree to apply to discharge the Care Order and if so, such an
agreement must include the level of support and supervision to be provided by the Local Authority
after the Care Order has been discharged, and the level of co-operation by the parents.
422 </p>
423 <h4 id="v">
423 1.5 Short Term Placements
423 </h4>
424 <p>
424 Where the relevant plan provide for a series of short term placements of a child with a parent,
the requirements as to consultation, enquiries and checks can be carried out once only rather than
every time a placement is made, provided that:
424 </p>
425 <ul>
426 <li>
426 All the placements take place within a twelve months period;
426 </li>
427 <li>
427 No single placement is for a period of more than four weeks; and
427 </li>
428 <li>
428 The total duration of the placements does not exceed 90 days.
428 </li>
429 </ul>
430 <p>
430 If a series of short-term placements is part of a longer-term rehabilitation plan, further
consultation and approval must be obtained before the rehabilitation plan is extended and/or the
child is returned to the parent's full-time care.
430 </p>
431 <h4 id="sw_during">
431 1.6 Social Work Visits During the Placement
431 </h4>
432 <p>
432 The child's social worker must visit the child in the placement within one week of the placement
and thereafter every six weeks - see
432 <a href="p_sw_visits.html">
432 Social Worker Visits to Looked After Children Procedure
432 </a>
432 .
432 </p>
433 <p>
433 If the child is placed with parents pending assessment (see
433 <a href="#unplanned">
433 Section 2, Immediate Placements
433 </a>
433 ), social work visits must take place at least once a week until the first Looked After Review,
thereafter at intervals of not more than 6 weeks.
433 </p>
434 <h4 id="end_plac">
434 1.7 Ending of Placement
434 </h4>
435 <p>
435 Wherever possible the decision to end a placement should be made at a Looked After Review and the
ending should take place in a planned way. In Re DE (A Child) [2014], the High Court stated that
not less than fourteen days notice of a removal of the child should be given to the parents, save
in an emergency.
435 </p>
436 The Court further stated that any removal of a child in circumstances where the child's welfare does
not require immediate removal, or without proper consideration and consultation, is likely to be an
unlawful interference with the rights of the parent and child under Article 8 of the European
Convention on Human Rights.
437 <p>
437 In emergencies, the social worker must discuss the case with his/her manager, who will make the
decision. Legal advice should always be sought. The Care Order gives the local authority power to
enable the child to be removed by the social worker but this power should only be used after
obtaining legal advice; the use of other orders (e.g. a Recovery Order) might be appropriate in
some circumstances.
437 </p>
438 <p>
438 All those notified of the placement starting should be notified (see
438 <a href="#notification">
438 Section 3, Notifications
438 </a>
438 ), in writing, when it ends; preferably notifications should be made prior to the ending, or as
soon as practicable thereafter.
438 </p>
439 <p>
439 A letter should also be sent to the parents and child explaining why the decision was made.
439 </p>
440 <h3 id="unplanned">
440 2. Immediate Placements
440 </h3>
441 <p>
441 The
441 <a href="files/sod_decision_making.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
441 Nominated Officer
441 </a>
441 can approve an immediate placement without the necessary consultation and checks having been made
provided that:
441 </p>
442 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
443 <li>
443 There are exceptional circumstances which justify an immediate placement and it is consistent
with the child's welfare;
443 </li>
444 <li>
444 There has been an interview with the proposed carer who agrees to the placement and provides as
much of the assessment information as can be readily ascertained at the interview;
444 </li>
445 <li>
445 The accommodation has been inspected; and
445 </li>
446 <li>
446 Information has been obtained about and the social worker seeks to meet the other people in the
household. (This is particularly relevant to identifying issues such as domestic violence and
substance misuse which may impact on the child's safety);
446 </li>
447 <li>
447 The assessment and the review of the child's case are completed within 10 working days of the
child being placed;
447 </li>
448 <li>
448 The decision on placement is made and approved within 10 working days of the assessment being
completed and:
449 <ul>
450 <li>
450 If the decision is to confirm the placement, the Placement Plan is reviewed (and if
appropriate amended);
450 </li>
451 <li>
451 If the decision is not confirm the placement, the placement is terminated.
451 </li>
452 </ul>
453 </li>
454 </ol>
455 <p>
455 The reasons for a decision to place a child on this basis must be fully recorded, signed by the
Nominated Officer and placed on the child's case record.
455 </p>
456 <p>
456 If the child is placed in these circumstances, social work visits must take place at least once a
week until the first Looked After Review, and thereafter at intervals of not more than 6 weeks.
456 </p>
457 <p>
457 The required consultation, assessment and enquiries for planned placements, as set out in
457 <a href="#planned">
457 Section 1, Planned Placements
457 </a>
457 must then be completed and presented to the Nominated Officer as set out above.
457 </p>
458 <p>
458 A 'Working Agreement' should be completed by the practitioner with the parents to clarify the
expectations of the parent(s) and ensure the child is safeguarded and their needs are met during
this temporary phase before the Statutory Review.
458 </p>
459 <h3 id="notification">
459 3. Notifications of Placement
459 </h3>
460 <p>
460 The child's social worker will update the child's electronic record with the details of the
placement.
460 </p>
461 <p>
461 Notification of the placement will be sent by the child's social worker to the Health
administrator, the relevant person in the education service, the local Children's Services (if the
placement is in the area of a different local authority) and the child's GP.
461 </p>
462 <p>
462 The child's social worker will notify all family members consulted and involved in the
decision-making process of the placement, as well as all those involved in the day to day
arrangements for the child, including school and any health professional or YOT worker actively
involved with the child.
462 </p>
463 <p>
463 The child's social worker must also notify the allocated Independent Reviewing Officer.
463 </p>
464 <p>
464 These notifications must be made in writing, advising of the placement decision and the name and
address of the children's home where the child is to be placed.
464 </p>
465 The notifications should be before the start of the placement or within 5 working days.
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