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8 Preparation for Leaving Care | Next Stage 4Life
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62 <div class="content_text">
63 <h1 class="h1">
63 Preparation for Leaving Care
63 </h1>
64 <div class="scope_box" style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 15px;">
65 <h2 class="h3">
65 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
65 </h2>
66 <p>
66 <a href="http://qualitystandards.proceduresonline.com/homes/p_quality_standards.html#reg_5"
target="_blank">
66 Regulation 5 – Engaging with the Wider System to Ensure Children's Needs are Met
66 </a>
66 </p>
67 <p>
67 <a
href="http://qualitystandards.proceduresonline.com/homes/p_quality_standards.html#care_plannin
g" target="_blank">
67 The Care Planning Standard
67 </a>
67 <br />
68 Regulation 14
68 </p>
69 <p>
69 <a
href="http://qualitystandards.proceduresonline.com/homes/p_quality_standards.html#ch_views
" target="_blank">
69 The Children's Views, Wishes and Feelings Standard
69 </a>
69 </p>
70 <p>
70 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2010/2571/contents/made" target="_blank">
70 The Care Leavers (England) Regulations 2010
70 </a>
70 </p>
71 <h3 class="h3">
71 RELEVANT GUIDANCE
71 </h3>
72 <p>
72 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/397649/CA1989_
Transitions_guidance.pdf" target="_blank">
72 The Children Act 1989 Guidance and Regulations Volume 3: Planning Transition to Adulthood
for Care Leavers
72 </a>
72 </p>
73 <p>
73 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/care-leavers-charter" target="_blank">
73 The Care Leaver's Charter
73 </a>
73 </p>
74 <p>
74 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/applying-corporate-parenting-principles-to-lo
oked-after-children-and-care-leavers" target="_blank">
74 DfE, Applying corporate parenting principles to looked-after children and care leavers
(2017)
74 </a>
74 </p>
75 <p>
75 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/extending-personal-adviser-support-to-age-25
" target="_blank">
75 Extending Personal Adviser Support to All Care Leavers to Age 25: Statutory Guidance for
Local Authorities (February 2018)
75 </a>
75 </p>
76 <p>
76 <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-offer-guidance" target="_blank">
76 Local Offer Guidance: Guidance for Local Authorities
76 </a>
76 </p>
77 <h3 class="h3">
77 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
77 </h3>
78 <p>
78 The Local Authority Leaving Care Team is responsible for planning support for young people as
they leave care.
78 </p>
79 <p>
79 This chapter summarises the key terms and responsibilities in relation to Care Leavers and
explains the role of staff in children's homes in supporting young people during the
transition to adulthood and independent living.
79 </p>
80 </div>
81 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
81 <br />
82 Contents
82 </h2>
83 <ol>
84 <li>
84 <a href="#defin">
84 Definitions
84 </a>
84 </li>
85 <li>
85 <a href="#role">
85 Role of Residential Staff
85 </a>
85 </li>
86 <li>
86 <a href="#contact">
86 Contact
86 </a>
86 </li>
87 </ol>
88 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
88 <br />
89 1.
89 <a id="defin" name="defin">
89 </a>
89 Definitions
89 </h2>
90 <h3 class="h3">
90 1.1 Eligible Young People
90 </h3>
91 <p>
91 They are aged 16 or 17, have been
91 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/looked_after.html"
target="_blank" class="keyword">
91 Looked After
91 </a>
91 for a period or periods totalling at least 13 weeks starting after their 14th birthday and
ending at least one day after their 16th birthday, and are still in care. (This total does not
include a series of pre-planned short-term placements of up to 4 weeks where the child has
returned to the parent). The local authority has a duty to support these young people up to the
age of 18, wherever they are living.
91 </p>
92 <p>
92 The local authority is required to undertake a needs assessment, prepare a Pathway Plan, keep
the Pathway Plan under review and appoint a Personal Adviser (see Regulations 42, 43 and 44 of
the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (England) Regulations 2010).
92 </p>
93 <h3 class="h3">
93 1.2 Relevant Young People
93 </h3>
94 <p>
94 They are aged 16 or 17 and are no longer Looked After, having previously been in the category of
Eligible Young Person when they were Looked After. However, if after leaving the looked after
service, a young person returns home for a period of 6 months or more to be cared for by a
parent, they will no longer be a "relevant young person".
94 </p>
95 <p>
95 A young person is also "relevant" if, having been looked after for 3 months or more,
they are then detained after their 16th birthday either in hospital, remand centre, young
offenders' institution or secure training centre. There is a duty to support relevant young
people up to the age of 18.
95 </p>
96 <p>
96 The local authority is required to stay in touch with the young person, undertake a needs
assessment (unless this was done when the young person was 'Eligible'), prepare and keep the
Pathway Plan under review, appoint a Personal Adviser (unless this was done when the young
person was 'Eligible') and provide accommodation and assistance to meet their needs in relation
to education, training or employment (see Regulations 4 to 9 of the Care Leavers (England)
Regulations 2010).
96 </p>
97 <h3 class="h3">
97 1.3 Former Relevant Young People
97 </h3>
98 <p>
98 They are aged 18 or above and have left care having been previously either "Eligible",
"Relevant" or both. The local authority is under a duty to consider the need to
support these young people wherever they are living.
98 </p>
99 <p>
99 Under Regulations 4 to 9 of the Care Leavers (England) Regulations 2010, there are statutory
requirements for the local authority to stay in touch with the young person, keep the Pathway
Plan under review, continue the appointment of a Personal Adviser and provide financial
assistance near where the young person is employed or seeking employment/to enable the young
person to pursue education or training.
99 </p>
100 <p>
100 If the Former Relevant child pursues higher education in accordance with their Care Plan, there
is a duty on the local authority to pay a higher education bursary.
100 </p>
101 <p>
101 To the extent that the Former Relevant child's welfare requires it, 'other assistance' must be
provided by the local authority which may be in kind or, in exceptional circumstances, in cash.
101 </p>
102 <p>
102 These duties continue until the former relevant child reaches 21 or, where the child's pathway
plan sets out a programme of education or training which extends beyond their 21st birthday,
they continue for so long as the child pursues that programme.
102 </p>
103 <h4 class="h4">
103 1.3.1 Former relevant children pursuing further education or training
103 </h4>
104 <p>
104 Specific duties are placed upon the local authority in respect of Former Relevant children who
inform the local authority that they are pursuing, or intend to pursue, a programme of education
or training. The local authority must:
104 </p>
105 <ul>
106 <li>
106 Carry out an assessment of the needs of the Former Relevant child with a view to determining
what assistance (if any) it would be appropriate for the local authority to provide;
106 </li>
107 <li>
107 Prepare a pathway plan;
107 </li>
108 <li>
108 To the extent that the Former Relevant child's educational or training needs require it,
provide financial assistance by:
109 <ul>
110 <li>
110 Contributing to living expenses; or
110 </li>
111 <li>
111 Making a grant to meet expenses connected with the education and training.
111 </li>
112 </ul>
113 </li>
114 </ul>
115 <p>
115 These duties continue up to the Former Relevant child's 25th birthday.
115 </p>
116 <p>
116 In each case where a care leaver requests this support for education purposes, the local
authority will need to assess the appropriateness of the course and how it will help the young
person to achieve their ambitions. The extent of the practical and financial assistance provided
will reflect the type of course, whether full - or part-time, and the young person's existing
income.
116 </p>
117 <p>
117 Care leavers between the ages of 21 and up to 25 who, following a discussion with their Personal
Adviser, wish to continue to receive support, or those who return later during this period, will
have an entitlement to resume support from a Personal Adviser previously responsible for their
leaving care support. In some instances, care leavers will continue to require considerable
support and need a comprehensive Pathway Plan, whilst others may require more focussed support
with only the relevant sections of the Plan completed. Personal Advisers should apply
professional judgement when deciding what level of needs assessment is appropriate.
117 </p>
118 <h3 class="h3">
118 1.4 Qualifying Young People
118 </h3>
119 <p>
119 They are over aged 16 and over and under the age of 21, and are:
119 </p>
120 <ul>
121 <li>
121 Subject to a Special Guardianship Order (or were when they reached 18) and were looked after
immediately before the making of that Order;
121 </li>
122 <li>
122 At any time after 16 (but whilst still a child), were (but no longer are) looked after,
accommodated or fostered;
122 </li>
123 <li>
123 Privately fostered but do not qualify as Eligible, Relevant or Former Relevant.
123 </li>
124 </ul>
125 <p>
125 Where a local authority looked after, accommodated or fostered a young person, and they are
deemed as Qualifying for advice and assistance, the local authority has a duty to take
reasonable steps to contact them with a view to advising and assisting them.
125 </p>
126 <p>
126 They may receive support, advice and assistance (including, in exceptional circumstances, cash
or accommodation) wherever they are living.
126 </p>
127 <p>
127 This includes financial assistance in relation to expenses incurred in living near the place
where the young person is, will be, or is seeking work or where they will be receiving education
or training; or where the person is in full time further or higher education, is under the age
of 25 and qualifies for advice and assistance, or would have done if he was under 21, assistance
in relation to securing vacation accommodation.
127 </p>
128 <p>
128 Any decision to cease looking after a child aged 16 or 17 who is Looked After other than by
virtue of a Care Order, must be approved by the Director of Children's Services. The Director
must be satisfied that:
128 </p>
129 <ul>
130 <li>
130 The child's wishes and feelings have been ascertained and given due consideration;
130 </li>
131 <li>
131 The child's Independent Reviewing Officer has been consulted;
131 </li>
132 <li>
132 The child's relatives have been consulted, where appropriate.
132 </li>
133 </ul>
134 <h3 class="h3">
134 1.5 Personal Adviser
134 </h3>
135 <p>
135 A Personal Adviser is the person appointed to work in relation to the Relevant child or Former
Relevant child, on the young person's 16th birthday, and has a key role in preparing the young
person for independence and providing support after they cease to be looked after. They will
hold a pivotal role (where applicable) in the assessment, planning and review of services as set
out in the
135 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/pathway_plan.html"
target="_blank" class="keyword">
135 Pathway Plan
135 </a>
135 , and will co-ordinate with other agencies as necessary.
135 </p>
136 <p>
136 Where accommodation is provided to a young person by the responsible authority under section 23B
or section 24B of the Children Act 1989, the Personal Adviser must visit the Relevant child or
Former Relevant child at that accommodation:
136 </p>
137 <ul>
138 <li>
138 Within 7 days of the accommodation first being provided;
138 </li>
139 <li>
139 Subsequently, before the Pathway Plan is reviewed; and
139 </li>
140 <li>
140 At subsequent intervals of not more than 2 months.
140 </li>
141 </ul>
142 <p>
142 The extent to which the Personal Adviser becomes the main source of advice and support to the
young person will vary according to individual circumstances.
142 </p>
143 <p>
143 They should be kept up-to-date with the young person's progress and wellbeing.
143 </p>
144 <h3 class="h3">
144 1.6 Leaving Care Assessment of Need
144 </h3>
145 <p>
145 All Young People - Eligible, Relevant or Former Relevant - must receive a multi-agency
assessment of their needs covering the advice, assistance and support they will need when
leaving care.
145 </p>
146 <p>
146 The young person's social worker will be responsible for coordinating the Needs Assessment.
146 </p>
147 <p>
147 This assessment should be completed no more than 3 months after the young person's 16th birthday
or after the young person becomes Eligible or Relevant if this is later. The young person's Care
Plan together with information from other recent assessments will form the basis of the Needs
Assessment.
147 </p>
148 <p>
148 The young person's social worker will be responsible for recording the assessment information
and conclusions as well as the outcome of any meetings held. The young person must be invited to
any meetings held in connection with the assessment.
148 </p>
149 <p>
149 The Needs Assessment should take account of the views of the following:
149 </p>
150 <ol type="a">
151 <li>
151 The young person;
151 </li>
152 <li>
152 The parents;
152 </li>
153 <li>
153 The current carer;
153 </li>
154 <li>
154 The school/college and the education service;
154 </li>
155 <li>
155 Any Independent Visitor;
155 </li>
156 <li>
156 Any person providing health care or treatment for the young person;
156 </li>
157 <li>
157 The Personal Adviser;
157 </li>
158 <li>
158 Any other relevant person including, in the case of a young person with special needs, a
representative from Adult Services.
158 </li>
159 </ol>
160 <h3 class="h3">
160 1.7 Pathway Plan
160 </h3>
161 <p>
161 All young people will have a Pathway Plan in place within 3 months of becoming Eligible and,
wherever possible, a Pathway Plan will be in place by the young person's 16th birthday.
161 </p>
162 <p>
162 The Pathway Plan will include a young person's Personal Education Plan. Each young person will
be central to drawing up their own Pathway Plan setting the goals and identifying how the local
authority will help meet them, including any services being provided in respect of the young
person's disability or needs arising from being in custody or as a result of entering the
country as an unaccompanied asylum seeker. It should be written in a way that meets the needs of
the young person, capturing their aspirations and key messages. Young people with particular
language or communication needs should be provided throughout the process with appropriate
interpretation, translation or advocacy support.
162 </p>
163 <p>
163 The Pathway Plan must clearly identify the roles of each person and agency with a part to play
in supporting the care leaver including the home - which will have a crucial role as the
immediate carers of the young person.
163 </p>
164 <h3 class="h3">
164 1.8 Corporate Parenting
164 </h3>
165 <p>
165 Corporate Parenting Principles for care leavers were formally set out by the Children and Social
Work Act 2017. The Act established that the transition for young people should include and
involve not only the local authority providing Children's Social Care services, but also
District Councils (where appropriate) and partner agencies. The Principles are:
165 </p>
166 <ul>
167 <li>
167 To act in the best interests, and promote the physical and mental health and well-being, of
those children and young people;
167 </li>
168 <li>
168 To encourage those children and young people to express their views, wishes and feelings;
168 </li>
169 <li>
169 To take into account the views, wishes and feelings of those children and young people;
169 </li>
170 <li>
170 To help those children and young people gain access to, and make the best use of, services
provided by the local authority and its relevant partners;
170 </li>
171 <li>
171 To promote high aspirations, and seek to secure the best outcomes, for those children and
young people;
171 </li>
172 <li>
172 For those children and young people to be safe, and for stability in their home lives,
relationships and education or work; and
172 </li>
173 <li>
173 To prepare those children and young people for adulthood and independent living.
173 </li>
174 </ul>
175 <h3 class="h3">
175 1.9 Local Offer
175 </h3>
176 <p>
176 All local authorities must publish up-date information about the services it offers for care
leavers and other services that may assist care leavers in, or preparing for, adulthood and
independent living. Particularly: health and well-being; relationships; education and training;
employment; accommodation; participation in society. This information should also include
relevant services that can be accessed by its partner agencies.
176 </p>
177 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
177 <br />
178 2.
178 <a name="role" id="role">
178 </a>
178 Role of Residential Staff
178 </h2>
179 <p>
179 Staff in the home must assist in the pathway planning process, and help the young person prepare
for transition by developing the self help skills needed for independent living.
179 </p>
180 <p>
180 As the home will have a sound day to day understanding of young people's capabilities and needs,
children's homes staff will be key partners to the pathway planning process. They should
actively seek to make the fullest contribution, identifying and working with other partners and
professionals who are part of the 'corporate parent' partnership and with other relevant
persons.
180 </p>
181 <p>
181 It is possible, that there will be young people living in the Home who are not from the local
authority in which the Home is located, i.e. they have been placed 'out of area', or in a
181 <a
href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/placement_at_distance.html"
target="_blank">
181 Placement at a Distance
181 </a>
181 . It will be important for these young peoples to think about, and discuss, where they wish to
transition to in terms of location, that is, either to move out of the home but continue to live
in the area of the home, or, to return back to their home local authority, or some other option.
181 </p>
182 <p>
182 The young person will be entitled to the same support wherever they live as a 'care leaver'.
These discussions should be undertaken with the young person's social worker, and the
Children's Home staff should work with the young person and the social worker to ensure a smooth
and safe transition that supports the young person's Plan.
182 </p>
183 <p>
183 The decision as to where the young person will transition to will be discussed and agreed at the
young person's
183 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/looked_aft_review.html"
target="_blank">
183 Looked After Review
183 </a>
183 .
183 </p>
184 <p>
184 Staff should make sure they are aware of the 'Local Offer' in whichever the area the young
person is moving to and promote the take up of services and resources.
184 </p>
185 <p>
185 Staff must help each child to prepare for any moves from the home, whether they are returning
home, moving to another placement or adult care, or to live independently. This includes
supporting the child to develop emotional and mental resilience to cope without the home's
support and, where the child is moving to live independently, practical skills such as cooking,
housework, budgeting and personal self-care.
185 </p>
186 <p>
186 Practical examples of how the home can help young people prepare for the transition to adulthood
include:
186 </p>
187 <ul>
188 <li>
188 Using pocket money, leisure and clothing allowances to help children develop money management
and finance skills;
188 </li>
189 <li>
189 Supporting young people to set up a 'bottom drawer' of items that can be saved and used when
the young person sets up their home;
189 </li>
190 <li>
190 Food preparation and meal planning;
190 </li>
191 <li>
191 Discussing with the young person any careers advice and further education and training that
has been offered and what they need to do to progress this.
191 </li>
192 </ul>
193 <p>
193 Or, where required, supporting the young person where there is a disparity between their
aspirations any advice they have received - perhaps helping them to consider alternatives and
supporting them to explore the steps they need to take to pursue them where appropriate.
193 </p>
194 <p>
194 As the young person moves into independence, the transition process will be a stressful and a
difficult time for them. Even with good support, the young person is likely to benefit from
someone who knows them well and/or they trust. This may well be their key worker or other member
of staff at the home.
194 </p>
195 <p>
195 The home should seek to offer the possibility of 'outreach' type support - for a time-limited
period - to directly assist the young person and to help them develop positive relationships
with the new professionals who will take role in their lives.
195 </p>
196 <p>
196 Where the young person has chosen to live away from their home area, this out-reach support may
well be a key aspect of support for the young person, especially in the initial weeks of
independence.
196 </p>
197 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
197 <br />
198 3.
198 <a name="contact" id="contact">
198 </a>
198 Contact
198 </h2>
199 <p>
199 Young people who have left our care may want to stay in touch with key trusted adults.
199 </p>
200 <p>
200 Residential staff can do this in a range of ways such as welcoming young people when they come
back to visit the children's home they lived in or seeing them in their new home or community.
Sometimes this is undertaken on a formal basis, such as time limited outreach support, and at
other times more informally.
200 </p>
201 <p>
201 This contact needs to be undertaken safely and so should be agreed and recorded by the line
manager of the staff concerned, and, depending on the age of the young person concerned:
201 </p>
202 <ul>
203 <li>
203 Agreed with the social worker and/or leaving care worker;
203 </li>
204 <li>
204 Set out in the young person's Placement Plan/ Pathway Plan.
204 </li>
205 </ul>
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