Page reportSummary
Page Layout
Display issue details:
The line numbers refer to lines in the original source. Any with a line number of '0' are implicit tags added by Total Validator:
1 
W874 [WCAG21 2.4.1 (A)] Add a skip navigation link as the first link on the page:
If your document has structure then you should add a skip navigation link to make it easier for accessible users to get to the page's content. To ensure detection, skip navigation links should point to a <main> element, or an element with role='main'. See Understanding 2.4.1, and Skip Navigation. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
2 P967 [WCAG21 3.1.1 (A)] Use the 'lang' attribute to denote the primary language of the document:
You should always identify the primary natural language of a document using a 'lang' attribute on the <html> element. See WCAG 2.1 HTML Technique H57. <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
3 <head>
4 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
5 W605 Duplicate tag found: See matching tag on line: 22
A duplicate tag has been found with the same attributes. Although this should not affect the page, it indicates that a mistake may have been made. <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
6 W605 Duplicate tag found: See matching tag on line: 23
A duplicate tag has been found with the same attributes. Although this should not affect the page, it indicates that a mistake may have been made. <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
8 <title>
8 Contact with Parents / Carers and Siblings | Next Stage 4Life
8 </title>
9 <link rel='shortcut icon'
href='https://www.proceduresonline.com/resources/logos/procedures/favicon.ico' type='image/x-icon'/>
10 <link rel="apple-touch-icon"
href="https://www.proceduresonline.com/resources/logos/procedures/apple-touch-icon-57x57-precomposed.png
" />
11 <link rel="apple-touch-icon"
href="https://www.proceduresonline.com/resources/logos/procedures/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png
" />
12 <link rel="apple-touch-icon"
href="https://www.proceduresonline.com/resources/logos/procedures/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png
" />
13 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="https://www.proceduresonline.com/trix_cms_snippets/cookie/jquery.cookiebar.css" />
14 <script type="text/javascript"
src="https://www.proceduresonline.com/trix_cms_snippets/cookie/jquery.min.js">
14 </script>
15 <script type="text/javascript"
src="https://www.proceduresonline.com/trix_cms_snippets/cookie/jquery.cookiebar.js">
15 </script>
16 <script type="text/javascript">
21 </script>
22 W605 Duplicate tag found: See matching tag on line: 5
A duplicate tag has been found with the same attributes. Although this should not affect the page, it indicates that a mistake may have been made. <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
23 W605 Duplicate tag found: See matching tag on line: 6
A duplicate tag has been found with the same attributes. Although this should not affect the page, it indicates that a mistake may have been made. <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
24 W609 The 'content-type' HTTP header specifies a character set of UTF-8, which is different to the value
given here:
The 'content-type' HTTP header specifies a different character set to that specified in the tag. In this case the HTTP header takes precedence. <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
25 <meta name="author" content="Next Stage 4Life" />
26 <meta name="description" content="Next Stage 4Life" />
28 <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
29 <meta name="rating" content="all" />
30 <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache" />
31 <link title="small" href="scripts/style.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
32 <link title="medium" href="scripts/style_larger.css" type="text/css" rel="alternate stylesheet" />
33 <link title="large" href="scripts/style_largest.css" type="text/css" rel="alternate stylesheet" />
34 <link title="hivis" href="scripts/style_hi_vis.css" type="text/css" rel="alternate stylesheet" />
35 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/print.js">
35 </script>
36 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/styleswitcher.js">
36 </script>
37 <script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/highlight.js">
37 </script>
39 </head>
40 <body onload="highlight();">
41 <div class="banner">
42 </div>
43 <div id="buttons">
43 <div id="menu">
44 <ul>
45 <li>
45 <a href="index.html">
45 Home
45 </a>
45 </li>
46 <li>
46 <a href="contents.html">
46 Contents
46 </a>
46 </li>
47 <li>
47 <a href="local_resources.html">
47 Local Resources
47 </a>
47 </li>
48 </ul>
49 </div>
49 <div id="search">
50 <form action="search/search.html" id="cse-search-box" style="margin: 0px;">
51 I899 [WCAG21 1.3.2 (A)] Layout tables must represent their content in a meaningful sequence:
Screen readers can struggle to read out tables sensibly, so it is often better to use alternative mark-up and CSS to layout content. Try disabling the table mark-up to see if it still makes sense. See WCAG 2.1 Failure F49. <table width="97%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
52 <tr>
53 <td>
53 E885 [WCAG21 1.1.1/1.3.1/3.3.2/4.1.2 (A)] User interface controls should have a label or an accessible
name:
Associate form controls with <label> tags, or use the 'aria-label' or 'aria-labelledby' attributes to label controls where it might be confusing or not possible to use a label. See WCAG 2.1 Failure F68. <input type="text" name="zoom_query" class="search_input" size="20" id="zoom_searchbox" value="Search this
manual" onfocus="this.value=(this.value=='Search this manual') ? '' : this.value;"
onblur="this.value=(this.value=='') ? 'Search this manual' : this.value;" style="margin-right: 5px;" />
53 </td>
54 <td>
54 <input type="submit" value="Go"/>
54 </td>
55 </tr>
56 </table>
57 </form>
57 </div>
57 </div>
58 <div id="topper">
58 </div>
60 <div id="printReady">
61 <div id="container">
62 <div id="content_frame_overflow">
62 <div class="content_text">
63 <h1 class="h1">
63 Contact with Parents / Carers and Siblings
63 </h1>
64 <div class="scope_box" style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 15px;">
65 <h2 class="h3">
65 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
65 </h2>
66 <p>
66 <a
href="http://qualitystandards.proceduresonline.com/homes/p_quality_standards.html#ch_views
" target="_blank">
66 The Children's Views, Wishes and Feelings Standard
66 </a>
66 <br />
67 Regulation 7
67 </p>
68 <p>
68 <a
href="http://qualitystandards.proceduresonline.com/homes/p_quality_standards.html#care_plannin
g" target="_blank">
68 The Care Planning Standard
68 </a>
68 </p>
69 <h3 class="h3">
69 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
69 </h3>
70 <p>
70 This chapter applies to arrangements for children placed in foster and residential care to
have contact with their parents, anyone with
70 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/parental_respons.html"
target="_blank">
70 Parental Responsibility
70 </a>
70 who is not a parent, siblings, any relative, friend or other person connected with the child.
70 </p>
71 <p>
71 For arrangements for social visits and overnight stays away with friends which staff/carers
may agree, see
71 <a href="p_overnight_stay.html">
71 Social Visits (including Overnight Stays) Procedure
71 </a>
71 .
71 </p>
72 <h3 class="h3">
72 RELATED CHAPTER
72 </h3>
73 <p>
73 <a href="p_overnight_stay.html">
73 Social Visits (including Overnight Stays) Procedure
73 </a>
73 </p>
74 </div>
75 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
75 <br />
76 Contents
76 </h2>
77 <ol>
78 <li>
78 <a href="#promoting">
78 Promoting Contact
78 </a>
78 </li>
79 <li>
79 <a href="#types">
79 Different Types of Contact
79 </a>
79 </li>
80 <li>
80 <a href="#supervised">
80 Supervised Contact
80 </a>
80 </li>
81 <li>
81 <a href="#review">
81 Review of Contact Arrangements
81 </a>
81 </li>
82 <li>
82 <a href="#cancellation">
82 Cancellation, Suspension or Termination of Contact
82 </a>
82 </li>
83 </ol>
84 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
84 <br />
85 1.
85 <a name="promoting" id="promoting">
85 </a>
85 Promoting Contact
85 </h2>
86 <p>
86 Also see
86 <a href="#cancellation">
86 Section 5, Cancellation, Suspension or Termination of Contact
86 </a>
86 .
86 </p>
87 <p>
87 <span class="bold">
87 NOTE
87 </span>
87 : As part of the placement planning process, the social worker should consult the Home's manager
to ensure that proper arrangements are in place for the child to have contact with his/her
family and significant others; particularly when the child is placed at a distance away from
their family home. No contact may be permitted between children and their parents, friends or
relatives (which include grandparents and half siblings) without the approval of the Social
Worker, and must be consistent with arrangements outlined in the Child's Care Plan.
87 </p>
88 <p>
88 For many children, relationships with members of their family, previous carers, friends and
others are incredibly important. Contact can help children and young people develop their sense
of identity and better understand their lives, as well as helping to support successful
placements.
88 </p>
89 <p>
89 One of the key principles of the Children Act 1989 is the presumption that there should be
continued contact between the child and their family while the child is in the care of the local
authority (unless it is not reasonably practicable or consistent with the child's welfare). The
responsible authority has a duty to endeavour to promote contact between the child and:
89 </p>
90 <ul>
91 <li>
91 Their parents;
91 </li>
92 <li>
92 Any person who is not a parent but who has
92 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/parental_respons.html"
target="_blank">
92 Parental Responsibility
92 </a>
92 for the child; and
92 </li>
93 <li>
93 Any relative, friend or other person connected with the child.
93 </li>
94 </ul>
95 <p>
95 Contact arrangements should be focused on, and shaped around, the child's needs. The social
worker should, as part of the assessment process, identify those people who the child wants to
maintain contact with.
95 </p>
96 <p>
96 Arrangements for contact will be set out in the child's
96 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/care_plan.html"
target="_blank">
96 Care Plan
96 </a>
96 and must take account of any
96 <a
href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/child_protection_plan.html"
target="_blank">
96 Child Protection Plan
96 </a>
96 or Contact Order that may be in force.
96 </p>
97 <p>
97 It may be useful to encourage young people to share details of how they communicate with others
(this may include mobile phones or other social networking sites and apps and consoles such as
Xbox or Play Station) and an agreement reached between the young person, social worker and staff
about how safely to do this.
97 </p>
98 <p>
98 So far as it is reasonably practicable, the wishes and feelings of the parents and the
child's carers must be ascertained before a decision about contact arrangements is made.
98 </p>
99 <p>
99 The purpose of the contact and how it will be evaluated must be made clear in the Plan. Contact
arrangements should be focused on, and shaped around, the child's needs. The child's welfare is
the paramount consideration at all times and each child's wishes and needs for contact should be
individually considered and regularly assessed and reviewed. The wishes and feelings of the
child should be ascertained, wherever possible, using advocacy and communication services if
necessary.
99 </p>
100 <p>
100 Both direct and indirect contact arrangements should always be clearly detailed setting out how
contact will take place, the venue, the frequency and how the arrangements will be evaluated and
reviewed. The use of mobile communication should also be considered.
100 </p>
101 <p>
101 Maintaining contact with siblings from both the same or different parents who cannot be placed
together should be prioritised. Independent Reviewing Officers should ensure that Looked After
Reviews consider whether contact arrangements including sibling contact in Care Plans has been
implemented and that the child is happy with the contact – both its frequency and its quality.
The IRO should inform the child that they can access Advocacy Services if they have a complaint.
101 </p>
102 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
102 <br />
103 2.
103 <a name="types" id="types">
103 </a>
103 Different Types of Contact
103 </h2>
104 <p>
104 Face to face meetings and visits will generally be the best way of maintaining relationships,
but other means such as letters, phone calls, photograph exchanges etc. should be borne in mind.
Responsible authorities and carers should work together to explore how electronic media can
support positive relationships for children. Children should be supported to ensure they are
safe online rather than this form of contact being avoided.
104 </p>
105 <p>
105 See also
105 <a href="p_corresp.html">
105 Staying in Touch (including safe use of the internet and Social Media) Procedure
105 </a>
105 .
105 </p>
106 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
106 <br />
107 3.
107 <a name="supervised" id="supervised">
107 </a>
107 Supervised Contact
107 </h2>
108 <p>
108 The need to supervise contact should be considered as part of the assessment and planning
process by the social worker and his/her Manager. It is the responsibility of the child's social
worker to ensure that the person(s) supervising contact is appropriately skilled and experienced
to do so.
108 </p>
109 <p>
109 The primary focus of the assessment of this issue will be the safety and welfare of the child.
109 </p>
110 <p>
110 Where supervised contact is deemed necessary, the reasons should be clearly recorded and the
role of the supervisor or supervisors clearly defined.
110 </p>
111 <p>
111 A written risk assessment must be completed before supervised contacts begin.
111 </p>
112 <p>
112 This assessment must take account of all factors that could impact on the success of supervised
contact and relevant safeguards including:
112 </p>
113 <ol>
114 <li type="a">
114 Any history of abuse or threats of abuse to the child, carers, staff or others;
114 </li>
115 <li type="a">
115 Previous threats to disrupt contact or failure to cooperate with conditions agreed for
supervised contact;
115 </li>
116 <li type="a">
116 Previous incidents or threats of abduction;
116 </li>
117 <li type="a">
117 Previous incidents of coercion or inappropriate behaviour during contact;
117 </li>
118 <li type="a">
118 The transient or unsettled lifestyle of the parents;
118 </li>
119 <li type="a">
119 The child's behaviour and needs, including medical needs.
119 </li>
120 </ol>
121 <p>
121 Where any of the above features in the risk assessment, and supervised contact is to continue,
the risk assessment must state the specific measures to be put in place to minimise risks. The
assessment must then be approved and signed by the appropriate Team Manager.
121 </p>
122 <p>
122 Where supervised contact takes place, the detailed arrangements for the supervision must be set
out in the Placement Plan/Contact Plan.
122 </p>
123 <p>
123 In addition, there should be a written agreement with the parents and other relevant parties
having supervised contact, signed by them, which should state clearly any specific conditions
relating to the contact and any expectations placed on the parents or relevant parties:
123 </p>
124 <ul>
125 <li>
125 The agreement should be clear about where the contact must take place and whether any
flexibility is allowed for activity or movements within or away from the agreed location;
125 </li>
126 <li>
126 It should also be clear about whether the person(s) having contact are permitted to give the
child food, drinks, gifts or money during contact;
126 </li>
127 <li>
127 It should state clearly the circumstances in which contact will be terminated.
127 </li>
128 </ul>
129 <p>
129 The agreement should state the adults who will be allowed to attend for supervised contact and
supervisors should be asked to apply that strictly.
129 </p>
130 <p>
130 Particular attention should be given to when and how visits are ended. It may be more
appropriate that all "goodbyes" take place indoors with the visitors asked to leave
before supervisors return children to their placements or carers.
130 </p>
131 <p>
131 Significant changes to Care Plans, court proceedings and/or decisions made about the frequency
of future contact are all likely to be potential tension points so extra vigilance should apply
at any contacts arranged around these times.
131 </p>
132 <p>
132 The staff/carers and any other person involved in the supervision of the contact should have
copies of the Placement Plan and the agreement with the parents or relevant adults.
132 </p>
133 <p>
133 Where possible, those supervising the contact should be known to the child and the family before
the supervised contact takes place.
133 </p>
134 <p>
134 In the event of problems emerging, the supervisors must be clear who to contact and what details
they will need to share.
134 </p>
135 <p>
135 The supervisor's observations of the contact must be clearly recorded in the child's record and
shared with the parents.
135 </p>
136 <p>
136 The supervisor must immediately report to the social worker any concerns about the child or
parents' conduct during the contact. The social worker in consultation with his/her Manager
should consider the need to review the risk assessment and/or the contact arrangements in light
of the concerns expressed.
136 </p>
137 <p>
137 See
137 <a href="#review">
137 Section 4, Review of Contact Arrangements
137 </a>
137 .
137 </p>
138 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
138 <br />
139 4.
139 <a id="review" name="review">
139 </a>
139 Review of Contact Arrangements
139 </h2>
140 <p>
140 The social worker and his/her Manager should keep contact arrangements, including the continuing
need for supervision, under regular review.
140 </p>
141 <p>
141 The risk assessment in relation to the arrangements for supervising contact must be reviewed at
least every six months, or sooner if any incident or report identifies concerns.
141 </p>
142 <p>
142 Where the child is the subject of a Child Protection Plan, the contact arrangements should also
be reviewed as required in the Child Protection Plan.
142 </p>
143 <p>
143 Any significant reactions that the child has to contact should be reported to the child's social
worker by those observing contact arrangements, for example foster carers, residential staff
and/or supervisors of contact.
143 </p>
144 <p>
144 The contact arrangements should also be reviewed in any Placement Planning Meeting and at the
child's
144 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/looked_aft_review.html"
target="_blank">
144 Looked After Review
144 </a>
144 .
144 </p>
145 <p>
145 Where a Contact Order is in force and it is considered that the contact arrangements set out in
the Order should be altered, the agreement of the child and the parents should be sought and
legal advice should be obtained as to the need to seek a variation of the Court Order.
145 </p>
146 <h2 class="h2_underlined">
146 <br />
147 5.
147 <a id="cancellation" name="cancellation">
147 </a>
147 Cancellation, Suspension or Termination of Contact
147 </h2>
148 <p>
148 Contact should never be cancelled unless there is a very good reason, e.g. it is deemed that it
would not be safe for it to take place or the child/ adult/sibling attending is too unwell for
it to take place. Contact should take place in accordance with the child's Placement Plan, Court
Order and any Court Directions.
148 </p>
149 <p>
149 Wherever possible, the staff/carer should consult the child's social worker in advance if they
consider there is a good reason to cancel the contact.
149 </p>
150 <p>
150 If contact is cancelled, the social worker or, if the social worker is not available, the
staff/carer must ensure that the child and, as far as practicable, the parent or relevant adult
is informed in advance and that the reason for the decision is explained. The social worker or
staff/carer should arrange an alternative contact.
150 </p>
151 <p>
151 If contact does not take place and consultation has not been possible with the social worker,
the staff/carer must inform the child's social worker as soon as possible and confirm in writing
the decision to cancel and the reason.
151 </p>
152 <p>
152 Contact arrangements must not be withdrawn as a sanction imposed on a child.
152 </p>
153 <p>
153 Emergency restrictions on contact can only be made to protect the child from significant risk
and must be notified to the Placing Authority (child's social worker) within 24 hours.
153 </p>
154 <h3 class="h3_subheading_no_underline">
154 5.1 Suspending or Terminating Contact
154 </h3>
155 <p>
155 Any proposal to suspend or terminate the contact should be considered as part of the child's
Looked After Review, unless the circumstances require an urgent decision to be made, in which
case the social worker must be consulted and legal advice should be obtained.
155 </p>
156 <p>
156 Any such proposal should be made in the context of the overall aims and objectives of the
156 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/care_plan.html"
target="_blank">
156 Care Plan
156 </a>
156 .
156 </p>
157 <p>
157 Even where it is not possible to hold a Looked After Review because of the urgency of the
situation, the reasons for the proposal must be explained to the parents and to the child, and
their agreement obtained if possible.
157 </p>
158 <p>
158 Where the proposal is to suspend the contact, the length and purpose of the suspension together
with the basis upon which contact will be reinstated must be made clear.
158 </p>
159 <p>
159 Where the child is the subject of an
159 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/emerge_prot_order.html"
target="_blank">
159 Emergency Protection Order
159 </a>
159 ,
159 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/interim_care_order.html"
target="_blank">
159 Interim Care Order
159 </a>
159 or full
159 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/care_order.html"
target="_blank">
159 Care Order
159 </a>
159 , an application to the Court for authority to terminate the contact will always be necessary if
contact is to be suspended for more than 7 days. As soon as such a decision is made, Legal
Services should be contacted as a matter of urgency so that the necessary court action can be
initiated.
159 </p>
160 <p>
160 Written confirmation of the decision made and, where relevant, the intended court application,
together with the reasons, must be sent to the parents/relevant parties, child (depending on
age) and any other relevant person (for example the child's advocate, an
160 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/independent_visitor.html"
target="_blank">
160 Independent Visitor
160 </a>
160 or
160 <a href="http://trixresources.proceduresonline.com/nat_key/keywords/childrens_guardian.html"
target="_blank">
160 Children's Guardian
160 </a>
160 ). Staff/carers and other agencies involved with the child's care must also be informed.
160 </p>
162 <p>
162 <br />
163 <br />
164 </p>
165 </div>
166 </div>
167 </div>
168 </div>
169 <div id="footer-wrap">
170 <div id="footer-container">
170 <div id="footer">
171 I899 [WCAG21 1.3.2 (A)] Layout tables must represent their content in a meaningful sequence:
Screen readers can struggle to read out tables sensibly, so it is often better to use alternative mark-up and CSS to layout content. Try disabling the table mark-up to see if it still makes sense. See WCAG 2.1 Failure F49. <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
172 <tr>
173 <td width="60%" align="left" style="padding-top: 0px;">
173 <a href="http://www.trixonline.co.uk/" target="_blank">
173 <img src="images/trix_logo.gif" width="57" height="22" alt="tri.x logo" border="0"/>
173 </a>
173
173 <span class="darkdivider">
173 |
173 </span>
173 Copyright ©
173 <a href="http://www.trixonline.co.uk/" target="_blank">
173 tri.x
173 </a>
173
173 <span class="darkdivider">
173 |
173 </span>
173
173 </td>
174 <td width="40%" align="right" valign="top" style="padding-top: 0px;">
176 <div class="footer_box">
176 <a href="#">
176 visibility:
176 </a>
176
176 <a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('small'); return false;">
176 <img src="images/icons/small_a.gif" alt="View this website with small text" border="0" />
176 </a>
176 <a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('medium'); return false;">
176 <img src="images/icons/medium_a.gif" border="0" alt="View this website with medium
text" />
176 </a>
176 <a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('large'); return false;">
176 <img src="images/icons/large_a.gif" border="0" alt="View this website with large text" />
176 </a>
176 <a href="#" onclick="setActiveStyleSheet('hivis'); return false;">
176 <img src="images/icons/hivis.gif" border="0" alt="View this website with high
visibility" />
176 </a>
176
176 <span class="darkdivider">
176 |
176 </span>
176
176 </div>
177 <div class="footer_box">
177 <a href="#" onclick="window.external.AddFavorite(location.href, document.title)">
177 <img src="images/icons/favourite.gif" alt="Add this page to your favourites" width="18"
height="18" border="0" />
177 </a>
177 <a href="#" onclick="window.external.AddFavorite(location.href, document.title)">
177 favourites
177 </a>
177
177 <span class="darkdivider">
177 |
177 </span>
177
177 </div>
178 <div class="footer_box">
178 W884 [WCAG21 2.1.1/2.1.3 (A/AAA)] Mouse/Pointer event handlers require keyboard equivalents:
When using mouse/pointer event handlers on elements that can be accessed by keyboard, ensure that you provide an equivalent keyboard handler. See WCAG 2.1 Failure F54. <input name="printMe" type="image" onclick="printSpecial()" value="Print this Page"
src="images/icons/print.gif" onmouseover="images/icons/print.gif'"
onmouseout="this.src='images/icons/print.gif'" alt="Print this page"/>
180 <a href="#" onclick="printSpecial()">
180 print
180 </a>
180
180 <span class="darkdivider">
180 |
180 </span>
180
180 </div>
181 </td>
182 </tr>
183 </table>
184 </div>
184 </div>
185 </div>
186 </body>
187 </html>