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 136               <h1>
 136                 Placements with Parents
 136               </h1>
 141               <div class="well">
 142                 <p class="bold">
 142                   SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
 143                 </p>
 144                 <p>
 144                   This procedure applies to any placement of a child, on a Care Order or an Interim Care Order
 144                   <span class="bold">
 144                     *
 144                   </span>
 144                   , with a parent or person with Parental Responsibility or person who held a Child
                       Arrangements Order specifying with whom the child is to live immediately before the Care
                       Order was made, for more than 24 hours.
 144                 </p>
 145                 <p class="tiny_text">
 145                   <span class="bold">
 145                     *Note
 145                   </span>
 145                   however that this procedure does not apply to children subject to Interim Care Orders where
                       the placement is required by the court under Section 38(6) Children Act 1989 for the
                       purposes of assessment, (and is therefore not subject to the Care Planning, Placement and
                       Review Regulations 2010).
 145                 </p>
 146                 Children may also be placed with parents having acquired Looked After status following a
                     remand to local authority accommodation, see
 146                 <a href="p_rem_la_yth_det_accomm.html">
 146                   Remands to Local Authority Accommodation or to Youth Detention Accommodation Procedure
 146                 </a>
 146                 .
 147               </div>
 154               <div class="section">
 154                 <h2 id="planned">
 154                   1. Planned Placements
 154                 </h2>
 155                 <p>
 155                   In exceptional circumstances a child may be placed without the immediate need for the
                       following procedures; please see
 155                   <a href="#unplanned">
 155                     Section 2, Immediate Placements
 155                   </a>
 155                   . A child must not be placed with parents if that would be incompatible with an order as to
                       contact under Section 34 Children Act 1989.
 155                 </p>
 156                 <h3>
 156                   1.1
 156                   <a id="i">
 156                   </a>
 156                   Consultation before Placement
 156                 </h3>
 157                 <p>
 157                   Before a child is placed, the following people must be consulted and their views accounted
                       for:
 157                 </p>
 158                 <ol>
 159                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 159                     The child;
 159                   </li>
 160                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 160                     Both parents (including a parent who is not the proposed carer of the child);
 160                   </li>
 161                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 161                     Any person with parental responsibility;
 161                   </li>
 162                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 162                     Any other member of the family who is significant to the child;
 162                   </li>
 163                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 163                     Relevant health practitioners including any health visitor known to the child, the
                         child's GP, as well as the GP and any health visitor known to the person with whom it is
                         proposed the child will be placed (with the person's consent);
 163                   </li>
 164                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 164                     The child's school and the local education service where the child will live;
 164                   </li>
 165                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 165                     The child's current foster carer and supervising social worker or the manager of the
                         children's home currently caring for the child;
 165                   </li>
 166                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 166                     The Probation Provider if it has contact with the family;
 166                   </li>
 167                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 167                     The Police;
 167                   </li>
 168                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 168                     The Youth Offending Service;
 168                   </li>
 169                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 169                     The relevant Children's Services Department if the child is placed in another local
                         authority's area;
 169                   </li>
 170                   <li style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 170                     The child's Independent Reviewing Officer.
 170                   </li>
 171                 </ol>
 172                 <p>
 172                   The consultation should be formal. The persons being consulted should be written to,
                       requesting their views on the proposed placement. It is important that those who are
                       consulted should reply in writing; their written replies should be placed on the child's
                       case record.
 172                 </p>
 173                 <p>
 173                   If appropriate a letter should also be sent to the child, as part of the consultation
                       process with the child.
 173                 </p>
 174                 <p>
 174                   Minutes of the Case Review which recommended the child's placement can be taken as a written
                       record of the consultation with those in attendance.
 174                 </p>
 175                 <h3>
 175                   1.2
 175                   <a id="ii">
 175                   </a>
 175                   Assessment and Checks before Placement
 175                 </h3>
 176                 <p>
 176                   The suitability of the proposed placement should be assessed through:
 176                 </p>
 177                 <ul>
 178                   <li>
 178                     Obtaining relevant information about the proposed main carer or carers and all members of
                         the household;
 178                   </li>
 179                   <li>
 179                     Inspecting the accommodation;
 179                   </li>
 180                   <li>
 180                     Checking the proposed carer and all members of the household aged 16 and over with:
 181                     <ul>
 182                       <li>
 182                         The Police (Public Protection Unit);
 182                       </li>
 183                       <li>
 183                         The parents and adult members of the household by them applying for a basic DBS check
                             if they live in England and Wales, or currently provided via Disclosure Scotland if
                             they live in Scotland (see
 183                         <a href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/basic-dbs-checks-guidance" target="_blank"
                             rel="noopener">
 183                           DBS Basic Checks Guidance
 183                         </a>
 183                         ).
 183                       </li>
 184                     </ul>
 185                   </li>
 186                   <li>
 186                     The carer's GP, NSPCC and Children's Services records.
 186                   </li>
 187                 </ul>
 188                 <p>
 188                   The assessment should take account of:
 188                 </p>
 189                 <ul>
 190                   <li>
 190                     The parents' capacity, and the capacity of other adult members of the household, to care
                         for children. Where a child has suffered, or was likely to suffer, significant harm the
                         assessment should address 'what has changed in parental capacity and circumstances that
                         indicate this placement will be in the child's best interest and will promote safe
                         care?' In particular in relation to the child:
 191                     <ul>
 192                       <li>
 192                         To provide for the child 's physical needs and appropriate medical and dental care;
 192                       </li>
 193                       <li>
 193                         To protect the child adequately from harm or danger, including any person who presents
                             a risk of harm to the child;
 193                       </li>
 194                       <li>
 194                         To ensure that the home environment is safe for the child including, where relevant,
                             the need for a risk assessment of any pets and the environment in which they are kept;
 194                       </li>
 195                       <li>
 195                         To ensure that the child's emotional needs are met and they are provided with a
                             positive sense of self, including any particular needs arising from religious
                             persuasion, racial origin, and cultural and linguistic background, and any disability
                             the child has;
 195                       </li>
 196                       <li>
 196                         To promote the child's learning and intellectual development through encouragement,
                             cognitive stimulation and the promotion of educational success and social
                             opportunities;
 196                       </li>
 197                       <li>
 197                         To enable the child to regulate their emotions and behaviour, including by modelling
                             appropriate behaviour and interactions with others;
 197                       </li>
 198                       <li>
 198                         To provide a stable family environment to enable the child to develop and maintain
                             secure attachments to the parents and other persons who provide care for the child.
 198                       </li>
 199                     </ul>
 200                   </li>
 201                   <li>
 201                     The parents' state of health (physical, emotional and mental), the parents' medical
                         history, including current or past issues of domestic violence, substance misuse or mental
                         health problems;
 201                   </li>
 202                   <li>
 202                     The state of health (physical, emotional and mental) of other adult members of the
                         household and their medical history, including current or past issues of domestic
                         violence, substance misuse or mental health problems;
 202                   </li>
 203                   <li>
 203                     The parents' family relationships and the composition of the parents' household,
                         including:
 204                     <ul>
 205                       <li>
 205                         The identity of all other members of the household, their age and the nature of their
                             relationship with parents and one another, including any sexual relationship; their
                             relationship with any parent of the child;
 205                       </li>
 206                       <li>
 206                         Other adults who are not members of the household but are likely to have regular
                             contact with the child;
 206                       </li>
 207                       <li>
 207                         Current/previous domestic violence between household members including the parents.
 207                       </li>
 208                     </ul>
 209                   </li>
 210                   <li>
 210                     The parents' family history, including:
 211                     <ul>
 212                       <li>
 212                         The particulars of the parents' childhood and upbringing, including the strengths and
                             difficulties of their parents/carers;
 212                       </li>
 213                       <li>
 213                         The parents' relationship with their parents and siblings, and their relationships
                             with each other;
 213                       </li>
 214                       <li>
 214                         The parents' educational achievement, including any specific learning
                             difficulty/disability;
 214                       </li>
 215                       <li>
 215                         A chronology of significant life events;
 215                       </li>
 216                       <li>
 216                         Other relatives and their relationships with the child and parents.
 216                       </li>
 217                     </ul>
 218                   </li>
 219                   <li>
 219                     Criminal offences of which the parents or other members of the household have been
                         convicted or cautioned;
 219                   </li>
 220                   <li>
 220                     Parents' past and present employment/sources of income;
 220                   </li>
 221                   <li>
 221                     The nature of the neighbourhood and resources available in the community to support the
                         child and parents;
 221                   </li>
 222                   <li>
 222                     Any available information about the parents' previous experiences of looking after
                         children. Where a parent has other children subject to care/adoption orders, earlier case
                         records should be explored to ascertain the circumstances which led to social work
                         involvement and any indication that the capacity of the parent to bring up children has
                         changed.
 222                   </li>
 223                 </ul>
 224                 <h3>
 224                   1.3
 224                   <a id="iii">
 224                   </a>
 224                   Recommending the Plan
 224                 </h3>
 225                 <p>
 225                   In normal circumstances, the child's placement with their parent must be part of the Care
                       Plan, upon the recommendation of a Case Review. If the child has previously suffered
                       Significant Harm when living with the parent, and continues also to be the subject of a
                       Child Protection Plan, the&nbsp;Case Review should actively consider the recommendations of
                       a Child Protection Review Conference before itself recommending the child returns home.
 225                 </p>
 226                 <p>
 226                   The recommendations of the Case Review (and Child Protection Review Conference where
                       applicable) will then be sent to the
 226                   <a href="pr_desg_man.html#nom_off_place_lac">
 226                     Nominated Officer
 226                   </a>
 226                   , together with the Care Plan and proposed Placement Plan and a written report covering the
                       following:
 226                 </p>
 227                 <ul>
 228                   <li>
 228                     A summary of child's and family's history;
 228                   </li>
 229                   <li>
 229                     A summary of how and why the child came to be in care;
 229                   </li>
 230                   <li>
 230                     A summary of plan for the child when they originally came into care;
 230                   </li>
 231                   <li>
 231                     Details of proposed placement with the parent/s including:
 232                     <ul>
 233                       <li>
 233                         Any therapeutic input that may be required to assist the child and/or parents to
                             acknowledge the reasons for the child being placed in care, to ensure there is no
                             minimisation of previous actions and to assist in the process of coming to terms with
                             any trauma that may previously have occurred.
 233                       </li>
 234                     </ul>
 235                   </li>
 236                   <li>
 236                     The outcome of the assessments, consultations and enquiries made, including an assessment
                         of the parents' ability to meet the identified needs of the child;
 236                   </li>
 237                   <li>
 237                     The aims and objectives of the proposed placement (there needs to be great clarity about
                         why this placement is being proposed) and long term plan for the child;
 237                   </li>
 238                   <li>
 238                     Any identified areas of risk involved in the placement;
 238                   </li>
 239                   <li>
 239                     The support and services to be provided to the family and child to meet the child's needs;
 239                   </li>
 240                   <li>
 240                     Details of supervision of placement;
 240                   </li>
 241                   <li>
 241                     Arrangements for the child's education;
 241                   </li>
 242                   <li>
 242                     Contingency plans in case of breakdown.
 242                   </li>
 243                 </ul>
 244                 <p>
 244                   As well as the usual contents, the proposed Placement Plan must include the following:
 244                 </p>
 245                 <ol>
 246                   <li>
 246                     Details of the support and services to be provided to the parents and the child during the
                         placement;
 246                   </li>
 247                   <li>
 247                     The obligation on the parents to notify the Local Authority of any relevant change in
                         circumstances including any intention to change address, any changes in the household in
                         which the child lives and any serious incident involving the child;
 247                   </li>
 248                   <li>
 248                     The obligation on the parents to ensure that any information relating to the child or the
                         child's family or any other person given in confidence to the parents in connection with
                         the placement is kept confidential and that such information is not disclosed to any
                         person without the consent of the Local Authority;
 248                   </li>
 249                   <li>
 249                     The circumstances in which it is necessary to obtain the prior approval of the Local
                         Authority for the child to live in a household other than that of the parents;
 249                   </li>
 250                   <li>
 250                     The circumstances in which the placement of the child with the parents pending completion
                         of the assessment of suitability will be terminated if the decision following completion
                         of the assessment is not to confirm the placement.
 250                   </li>
 251                 </ol>
 252                 <p>
 252                   <span class="bold">
 252                     N.B.
 252                   </span>
 252                   The Local Authority must provide such services and support to the parents as appear to be
                       necessary to safeguard and promote the child's welfare, and record details in the Care Plan
                       and Placement Plan.
 252                 </p>
 253                 <h3>
 253                   1.4
 253                   <a id="iv">
 253                   </a>
 253                   Approval of the Placement
 253                 </h3>
 254                 <p>
 254                   The placement can only be made after the approval of the
 254                   <a href="pr_desg_man.html#nom_off_place_lac" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
 254                     Nominated Officer
 254                   </a>
 254                   has been given and the Placement Plan prepared, except as set out in
 254                   <a href="#unplanned">
 254                     Section 2, Immediate Placements
 254                   </a>
 254                   .
 254                 </p>
 255                 <p>
 255                   The Nominated Officer must be satisfied that:
 255                 </p>
 256                 <ul>
 257                   <li>
 257                     The child's wishes and feelings have been ascertained and given due consideration;
 257                   </li>
 258                   <li>
 258                     The assessment of parents' suitability to care for the child (see
 258                     <a href="#ii">
 258                       Section 1.2, Assessment and Checks before Placement
 258                     </a>
 258                     ) has been completed;
 258                   </li>
 259                   <li>
 259                     The placement will safeguard and promote the child's welfare;
 259                   </li>
 260                   <li>
 260                     The Independent Reviewing Officer has been consulted.
 260                   </li>
 261                 </ul>
 262                 If approval is given, consideration should be given to whether the Care Order is still
                     required. The Local Authority and parents may agree to apply to discharge the Care Order and
                     if so, such an agreement must include the level of support and supervision to be provided by
                     the Local Authority after the Care Order has been discharged, and the level of co-operation by
                     the parents.
 263                 <h3>
 263                   1.5
 263                   <a id="v">
 263                   </a>
 263                   Short Term Placements
 263                 </h3>
 264                 <p>
 264                   Where the relevant plan provide for a series of short term placements of a child with a
                       parent, the requirements as to consultation, enquiries and checks can be carried out once
                       only rather than every time a placement is made, provided that
 264                 </p>
 265                 <ul>
 266                   <li>
 266                     All the placements take place within a 12 month period;
 266                   </li>
 267                   <li>
 267                     No single placement is for a period of more than four weeks; and
 267                   </li>
 268                   <li>
 268                     The total duration of the placements does not exceed 90 days.
 268                   </li>
 269                 </ul>
 270                 <p>
 270                   If a series of short-term placements is part of a longer-term rehabilitation plan, further
                       consultation and approval must be obtained before the rehabilitation plan is extended and/or
                       the child is returned to the parent's full-time care.
 270                 </p>
 271                 <h3>
 271                   1.6
 271                   <a id="sw_during">
 271                   </a>
 271                   Social Work Visits During the Placement
 271                 </h3>
 272                 <p>
 272                   The child's social worker must visit the child in the placement within one week of the
                       placement and thereafter every 6 weeks - see
 272                   <a href="p_sw_visits.html">
 272                     Social Worker Visits to Children in Care Procedure
 272                   </a>
 272                   .
 272                 </p>
 273                 If the child is placed with parents pending assessment (see
 273                 <a href="#unplanned">
 273                   Section 2, Immediate Placements
 273                 </a>
 273                 ), social work visits must take place at least once a week until the first Case Review,
                     thereafter at intervals of not more than 6 weeks.
 274                 <h3>
 274                   1.7
 274                   <a id="end_plac">
 274                   </a>
 274                   Ending of Placement
 274                 </h3>
 275                 <p>
 275                   Wherever possible the decision to end a placement should be made at a Case Review and the
                       ending should take place in a planned way. In Re DE (A Child) [2014], the High Court stated
                       that not less than fourteen days' notice of a removal of the child should be given to the
                       parents, save in an emergency. 
 275                 </p>
 276                 The Court further stated that any removal of a child in circumstances where the child's
                     welfare does not require immediate removal, or without proper consideration and consultation,
                     is likely to be an unlawful interference with the rights of the parent and child under Article
                     8 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
 277                 <p>
 277                   In emergencies, the social worker must discuss the case with their manager, who will make
                       the decision. Legal advice should always be sought. The Care Order gives the local authority
                       power to enable the child to be removed by the social worker but this power should only be
                       used after obtaining legal advice; the use of other orders (e.g. a recovery order) might be
                       appropriate in some circumstances.
 277                 </p>
 278                 <p>
 278                   All those notified of the placement starting should be notified (see
 278                   <a href="#notification">
 278                     Section 3, Notifications
 278                   </a>
 278                   ), in writing, when it ends; preferably notifications should be made prior to the ending, or
                       as soon as practicable thereafter.
 278                 </p>
 279                 <p>
 279                   A letter should also be sent to the parents and child explaining why the decision was made.
 279                 </p>
 280               </div>
 281               <div class="section1">
 281               </div>
 287               <div class="section">
 287                 <h2 id="unplanned">
 287                   2. Immediate Placements
 287                 </h2>
 288                 <p>
 288                   The
 288                   <a href="pr_desg_man.html#nom_off_place_lac" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
 288                     Nominated Officer
 288                   </a>
 288                   can approve an immediate placement without the necessary consultation and checks having been
                       made provided that:
 288                 </p>
 289                 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
 290                   <li>
 290                     There are exceptional circumstances which justify an immediate placement and it is
                         consistent with the child's welfare;
 290                   </li>
 291                   <li>
 291                     There has been an interview with the proposed carer who agrees to the placement and
                         provides as much of the assessment information as can be readily ascertained at the
                         interview;
 291                   </li>
 292                   <li>
 292                     The accommodation has been inspected; and
 292                   </li>
 293                   <li>
 293                     Information has been obtained about and the social worker seeks to meet the other people
                         in the household. (This is particularly relevant to identifying issues such as domestic
                         violence and substance misuse which may impact on the child's safety);
 293                   </li>
 294                   <li>
 294                     The assessment and the review of the child's case are completed within 10 working days of
                         the child being placed;
 294                   </li>
 295                   <li>
 295                     The decision on placement is made and approved within 10 working days of the assessment
                         being completed and:
 296                     <ul>
 297                       <li>
 297                         If the decision is to confirm the placement, the Placement Plan is reviewed (and if
                             appropriate amended);
 297                       </li>
 298                       <li>
 298                         If the decision is not confirm the placement, the placement is terminated.
 298                       </li>
 299                     </ul>
 300                   </li>
 301                 </ol>
 302                 <p>
 302                   The reasons for a decision to place a child on this basis must be fully recorded, signed by
                       the Nominated Officer and placed on the child's case record.
 302                 </p>
 303                 <p>
 303                   If the child is placed in these circumstances, social work visits must take place at least
                       once a week until the first Case Review, and thereafter at intervals of not more than 6
                       weeks.
 303                 </p>
 304                 <p>
 304                   The required consultation, assessment and enquiries for planned placements, as set out in
 304                   <a href="#planned">
 304                     Section 1, Planned Placements
 304                   </a>
 304                   must then be completed and presented to the Nominated Officer as set out above.
 304                 </p>
 305                 <p>
 305                   A 'Working Agreement' should be completed by the practitioner with the parents to clarify
                       the expectations of the parent(s) and ensure the child is safeguarded and their needs are
                       met during this temporary phase before the Statutory Review.
 305                 </p>
 306               </div>
 307               <div class="section1">
 307               </div>
 313               <div class="section">
 313                 <h2 id="notification">
 313                   3. Notification of Placement
 313                 </h2>
 314                 <p>
 314                   The child's social worker will update the child's electronic record with the details of the
                       placement.
 314                 </p>
 315                 <p>
 315                   Notification of the placement will be sent by the child's social worker to the Nurse for
                       Children in Care, the relevant person in the education service, the local Children's
                       Services (if the placement is in the area of a different local authority) and the child's
                       GP.
 315                 </p>
 316                 <p>
 316                   The child's social worker will notify all family members consulted and involved in the
                       decision-making process of the placement, as well as all those involved in the day to day
                       arrangements for the child, including school and any health professional or YOT worker
                       actively involved with the child.
 316                 </p>
 317                 <p>
 317                   The child's social worker must also notify the allocated Independent Reviewing Officer.
 317                 </p>
 318                 <p>
 318                   These notifications must be made in writing, advising of the placement decision and the name
                       and address of the children's home where the child is to be placed.
 318                 </p>
 319                 The notifications should be before the start of the placement or within 5 working days.
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