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136 <h1>
136 Relinquished Children
136 </h1>
141 <div class="well">
142 <p class="bold">
142 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
143 </p>
144 <p>
144 The term 'relinquished child' is used to describe a child, usually a baby or at pre-birth
stage, whose parents are making the choice of adoption for the child.
144 </p>
145 <p>
145 This chapter deals with the
145 <span class="bold">
145 first stages
145 </span>
145 of the adoption process for relinquished children, whilst signposting other key processes
that should be progressed and which are expected for any child who is Accommodated or where
the plan is for adoption. It also summarises the counselling and support that will be made
available to the birth family in these circumstances. Once a decision is made and consent is
formally given, although not irreversible, the adoption process is as for any other child.
145 </p>
146 <p>
146 Therefore, this chapter should be read in conjunction with the Related Chapters.
146 </p>
147 <p class="bold">
147 RELATED GUIDANCE
148 </p>
149 <p>
149 <a
href="https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/270100/adopt
ion_statutory_guidance_2013.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
149 Statutory Guidance on Adoption (July 2013)
149 </a>
149 </p>
150 <p>
150 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
150 ADCS, Good Practice Guidance for Adoption Agencies and Cafcass: Children Relinquished for
Adoption
150 </a>
150 </p>
151 <p class="bold">
151 RELATED CHAPTERS
152 </p>
153 <p>
153 <a href="p_foster_for_adopt.html">
153 Early Permanence Placements / Fostering for Adoption Procedure
153 </a>
153 </p>
154 <p>
154 <a href="p_place_adop.html">
154 Placement For Adoption Procedure
154 </a>
154 </p>
155 <p>
155 <a href="g_court_rept.html#place_order">
155 Court Reports in Placement Order Applications and in Adoption/Special Guardianship
Guidance
155 </a>
155 </p>
155 </div>
162 <div class="section">
162 <h2 id="intro">
162 1. Introduction
162 </h2>
163 <p>
163 All local authorities have a statutory duty to respond to a request from a parent or
guardian for their child to be placed for adoption, and a separate process to progress this,
at least in the initial stages, outside of the Care Proceedings process is established in
163 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/38/part/1/chapter/3" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
163 Part 3 of the Adoption and Children Act 2002
163 </a>
163 .
163 </p>
164 <p>
164 Working with a request for a child to be relinquished will be challenging for many
practitioners on the basis that most children's best interest is served by being with their
parent and it will be important to ascertain the reasons why the mother sees the best
interest for her child in this way and to offer challenges to this through a counselling
process. (See
164 <a href="#conselling">
164 Section 3, Counselling
164 </a>
164 ).
164 </p>
165 <p>
165 Throughout this process it will remain important:
165 </p>
166 <ul>
167 <li>
167 That the child's welfare and best interests remains paramount;
167 </li>
168 <li>
168 To ensure there is minimal delay in securing the child's permanent future plan, and
therefore,
168 </li>
169 <li>
169 Referrals to Cafcass, the Adoption Placements Team and, if required a Placements
Application Order, together with completion of all necessary documentation are made in a
timely way;
169 </li>
170 <li>
170 That effective counselling is offered to the parent(s) with regard to the decision; and
171 <ul>
172 <li>
172 Clear consideration is given to the parent(s) competency to make the decision;
172 </li>
173 <li>
173 The parent(s) are fully aware of their rights and options throughout the process with
regard to the child;
173 </li>
174 </ul>
175 </li>
176 <li>
176 That the practitioner remains in contact with the parent for as long as possible to 'get
to know' the parent(s) so as to be able to provide information for the child later in
their life;
176 </li>
177 <li>
177 Children's Social Services should seek to ensure that, following a request for a child to
be relinquished, the matter should be transferred to the appropriate team best able to
work with the parent/guardian and progress the child's plan as soon as possible. This may
mean transferring such matters outside of the mainstream 'Transfer of Cases' policy and
procedure (see
177 <a href="files/case_transfer_policy.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
177 Case Transfer Policy
177 </a>
177 ).
177 </li>
178 </ul>
179 </div>
180 <div class="section1">
180 </div>
186 <div class="section">
186 <h2 id="referral">
186 2. Referral
186 </h2>
187 <p>
187 Referrals will be received via the
187 <a href="p_contacts_referral.html">
187 Contacts and Referrals Procedure
187 </a>
187 and should be dealt with promptly. Requests may be self referrals or come from a GP,
Midwife, school, other health professional or family member, etc.
187 </p>
188 <p>
188 As much information as possible should be taken at this initial stage about the parent(s)
and their circumstances, but must be balanced with a need for sensitivity and an
understanding that key areas will be dealt with through the counselling process that will be
required. (See
188 <a href="#conselling">
188 Section 3, Counselling
188 </a>
188 ).
188 </p>
189 <p>
189 The practitioner dealing with the request should bring the matter to the Team Manager's
attention so that the referral can be dealt with promptly. The referral will be handled
using the same referral process as all children but advice should be sought from an
appropriately skilled and experienced practitioner with relevant knowledge of adoption from
the Adoption Service.
189 </p>
190 </div>
191 <div class="section1">
191 </div>
197 <div class="section">
198 <h2 id="conselling">
198 3. Counselling
198 </h2>
199 <p>
199 Counselling should be undertaken as promptly as possible following the referral, by an
experienced practitioner who has knowledge and skills in adoption, and include a discussion
about the issues adoption brings for both the parent/guardian and the child.
199 </p>
200 <h3>
200 3.1 Assessing the Parent
200 </h3>
201 <p>
201 The practitioner counselling the parent/guardian should ensure that they:
201 </p>
202 <ul>
203 <li>
203 Understand the reason(s) why the parent/guardian is seeking to place the child for
adoption;
203 </li>
204 <li>
204 Consider the parent/guardian's general situation and circumstances;
204 </li>
205 <li>
205 Are aware of the position of the birth father (see
205 <a href="#birth_father">
205 Section 4, Birth Father
205 </a>
205 );
205 </li>
206 <li>
206 Are aware of any communication requirements:
207 <ul>
208 <li>
208 As a result of a physical or learning disability;
208 </li>
209 <li>
209 English being a second language.
209 </li>
210 </ul>
211 </li>
212 <li>
212 Are aware of any issues around literacy skills the mother may have;
212 </li>
213 <li>
213 Identify any cultural issues;
213 </li>
214 <li>
214 Know of any physical or learning disabilities that are impacting upon the circumstances;
214 </li>
215 <li>
215 Recognise any immigration concerns;
215 </li>
216 <li>
216 Identify any other issues that may appear to the practitioner to be relevant.
216 <br />
217 (See also
217 <a href="#consent">
217 Section 5, Consent and Competency
217 </a>
217 ).
217 </li>
218 </ul>
219 <h3>
219 3.2 Options and Alternatives to Adoption
219 </h3>
220 <p>
220 Counselling
220 <a id="coun_adopt">
220 </a>
220 should ensure that the parent/guardian has considered the options:
220 </p>
221 <ul>
222 <li>
222 Staying with the parent/guardian, with close support where possible;
222 </li>
223 <li>
223 Where the baby and mother are accommodated with foster carers, training and support to
care for the baby and mother to help her overcome her anxiety and develop her parenting
skills and confidence so that she is able to care for the child;
223 </li>
224 <li>
224 Short-term foster care, with the aim of returning the child with support;
224 </li>
225 <li>
225 Long-term placement within the child's wider family (perhaps with a Child Arrangements
Order);
225 </li>
226 <li>
226 Placement for adoption.
226 </li>
227 </ul>
228 <p>
228 <span class="bold">
228 Important note
228 </span>
228 : it is not mandatory, or a requirement, that family relatives are informed of the
child's birth or a proposed plan of adoption. In considering this, the Local Authority
should discuss with the parent(s)/guardian: the likely views of the extended family
(grandparents, siblings etc.) and the consequences of them both subsequently 'knowing' or
'not knowing' of the child's birth and plans for adoption.
228 </p>
229 <h3>
229 3.3 Counselling About Adoption
229 </h3>
230 <p>
230 Counselling the parent(s) should include providing information about adoption and gleaning
information that might be relevant for the child:
230 </p>
231 <ul>
232 <li>
232 The implications of adoption as being life-long for the child and the birth family /
parents, (see
232 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/38/section/67" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
232 Section 67 Adoption and Children Act 2002
232 </a>
232 );
232 </li>
233 <li>
233 The legal consequences of consenting to a placement for adoption (
233 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/38/section/19" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
233 Section 19
233 </a>
233 ); advance consent to a future adoption order (
233 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/38/section/20" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
233 Section 20
233 </a>
233 ); the withdrawal of these consents; the legal effect of adoption itself; the option of
indicating they do not want to be involved in future proceedings once Sections 19 and 20
have been completed;
233 </li>
234 <li>
234 The issue of contact, especially contact after the placement for adoption has been made;
234 </li>
235 <li>
235 The need for the Local Authority to provide a '
235 <a href="g_later_life_lett.html">
235 Later Life Letter
235 </a>
235 ' and
235 <a href="g_life_story_book.html">
235 Life Story Book
235 </a>
235 for the child and to seek to involve the parent(s) in assisting with this (providing
information, photos etc);
235 </li>
236 <li>
236 An understanding from the parent of any known health issues/family medical history within
their family that might be relevant to the child - both physical, mental and emotional;
236 </li>
237 <li>
237 Whether the parent(s) want to be involved in a matching process;
237 </li>
238 <li>
238 Information about the rights of the child to obtain information about their birth parents
once they reach 18 years. and the possible implications of this for them as the parent;
238 </li>
239 <li>
239 The role of Cafcass in ensuring consent is provided unconditionally and that they have a
full understanding;
239 </li>
240 <li>
240 The availability (providing details) of independent counselling, information and support
to the parent(s) and their family;
240 </li>
241 <li>
241 Provision of written information about the adoption process.
241 </li>
242 </ul>
243 </div>
249 <div class="section">
249 <h2 id="birth_father">
249 4. The Birth Father
249 </h2>
250 <p>
250 Without Parental Responsibility, the birth father is not entitled to provide consent to a
placement for adoption.
250 </p>
251 <p>
251 If the mother is not married, the practitioner should check the birth certificate of the
child to identify whether the birth father has acquired Parental Responsibility as a result
of being named on the child's birth certificate.
251 </p>
252 <p>
252 The practitioner should seek if possible to understand the father's identity from the birth
mother, including:
252 </p>
253 <ul>
254 <li>
254 His address;
254 </li>
255 <li>
255 Any known wishes or feelings;
255 </li>
256 <li>
256 If the father is seeking to acquire Parental Responsibility;
256 </li>
257 <li>
257 If Parental Responsibility is acquired, his potential rights and any part he may wish to
play in the process.
257 </li>
258 </ul>
259 <p>
259 However, the law does not force a mother to divulge the identity of a father who does not
have Parental Responsibility and the legislation does not impose a duty to make enquiries of
a father without Parental Responsibility, or his family.
259 </p>
260 <h3>
260 4.1 Involving the Birth Father Without Parental Responsibility
260 </h3>
261 <p>
261 There is no duty on a Local Authority as an Adoption Agency to make enquiries of a father
without Parental Responsibility, or his family, unless this is in the best interests of the
child.
261 </p>
262 <p>
262 If the identity of the birth father becomes known, the practitioner, with the Team Manager,
should decide if it is practicable and consistent with the child's welfare, to provide him
with information and counselling and to ascertain whether he wishes to obtain Parental
Responsibility and /or Child Arrangements Order.
262 </p>
263 <p>
263 In making this decision, the practitioner must balance:
263 </p>
264 <ul>
265 <li>
265 The principle that the welfare of the child is paramount;
265 </li>
266 <li>
266 The nature of the child's relationship with the father;
266 </li>
267 <li>
267 The nature and extent of the father's relationship with the child's mother and any
siblings of the child;
267 </li>
268 <li>
268 Whether it would be contrary to Article 8 (Right to family life) of the European
Convention on Human Rights to prevent disclosure of the birth of a child to a child's
father;
268 </li>
269 <li>
269 The mother's wishes for the child;
269 </li>
270 <li>
270 The mother's right to confidentiality;
270 </li>
271 <li>
271 The avoidance of unnecessary delay.
271 </li>
272 </ul>
273 <h3>
273 4.2 Birth Fathers Who Acquire Parental Responsibility
273 </h3>
274 <p>
274 Where a birth father acquires Parental Responsibility and the mother has already consented
to adoption, and the child has been placed for adoption, (under
274 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/38/section/19" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
274 Section 19, Adoption and Children Act 2002
274 </a>
274 ), it is considered that the father has also consented to the placement for adoption.
However, the birth father can then withdraw his consent, provided he does so before an
application has been made to court for an Adoption Order.
274 </p>
275 <p>
275 However, where the Local Authority wish to continue with the adoptive placement, a placement
order application must be applied for. (
275 <span class="bold">
275 Note
275 </span>
275 : where the application is before the court, there is no obligation for the Local Authority
to return the child to either parent).
275 </p>
276 <p>
276 (See:
276 <a href="g_court_rept.html#place_order">
276 Court Reports in Placement Order Applications and in Adoption/Special Guardianship
Guidance, Placement Order Application
276 </a>
276 ).
276 </p>
277 <p>
277 As with the mother and birth father without Parental Responsibility, the father's extended
family have the same legal position, i.e. it is at the discretion of the Local Authority as
to whether contacting them is appropriate. (See Important Note in
277 <a href="#conselling">
277 Section 3, Counselling
277 </a>
277 ).
277 </p>
278 </div>
279 <div class="section1">
279 </div>
285 <div class="section">
285 <h2 id="consent">
285 5. Consent and Competency
285 </h2>
286 <p>
286 The Local Authority as the Adoption Agency must be sure that the parent or the guardian is
competent to give consent.
286 </p>
287 <p>
287 During the counselling sessions, care should be given to identifying whether the parent(s)
are capable of giving consent, especially if there is evidence of: learning disabilities;
mental health issues; cultural, ethnic or faith issues; consent being given conditionally,
etc.
287 </p>
288 <p>
288 Where there is concern as to the parent's understanding, an additional and specialist
assessment should be sought from another professional - preferably someone who already knows
the parent, such as an approved mental health social worker; a disabilities social worker;
GP; midwife or health visitor; psychiatrist / psychologist or someone who can offer a faith
or cultural perspective.
288 </p>
289 <p>
289 If the issue of competency is known at the point of referral or at an early stage in the
process, then the Local Authority should not ask Cafcass to witness consent, until any such
issues are resolved. Where a parent is under 18 years (i.e. considered to be a 'child'
themselves within the meaning of the Children Act 1989), they can be considered to give
valid consent if assessed as competent by the counselling practitioner.
289 </p>
290 <p>
290 The High Court in Re
290 <a href="http://www.familylawweek.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed182616" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
290 S (Child as parent: Adoption: Consent) [2017] EWHC 2729 (Fam)
290 </a>
290 made clear that parental Capacity to consent to a child being accommodated under s.20
Children Act 1989, does not equate to their capacity to consent to an adoption order in
respect of the child - the capacity to consent is decision-specific. (That case concerned a
'child parent' (i.e. below 18 years of age) with learning disabilities. The principles,
however, will be of relevance in considering parental capacity, irrespective of their age).
290 </p>
291 <p>
291 The court set out the salient or 'sufficient' information which is required to be understood
by a parent regarding extra-familial adoption:
291 </p>
292 <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha">
293 <li>
293 Your child will have new legal parents, and will no longer be your son or daughter in law;
293 </li>
294 <li>
294 Adoption is final, and non-reversible;
294 </li>
295 <li>
295 During the process, other people (including social workers from the adoption agency) will
be making decisions for the child, including who can see the child, and with whom the
child will live;
295 </li>
296 <li>
296 You may obtain legal advice if you wish before taking the decision;
296 </li>
297 <li>
297 The child will live with a different family forever; you will (probably) not be able to
choose the adopters;
297 </li>
298 <li>
298 You will have no right to see your child or have contact with your child; it is highly
likely that direct contact with your child will cease, and any indirect contact will be
limited;
298 </li>
299 <li>
299 The child may later trace you, but contact will only be re-established if the child wants
this;
299 </li>
300 <li>
300 There are generally two stages to adoption; the child being placed with another family for
adoption, and being formally adopted;
300 </li>
301 <li>
301 For a limited period of time you may change your mind; once placed for adoption, your
right to change your mind is limited, and is lost when an adoption order is made.
301 </li>
302 </ol>
303 <p>
303 When determining the competence of a parent in these circumstances, 'all practicable
steps' must be taken to help them to make the decision, for example using simple language,
visual aids or other means. A parent will be treated as understanding the information
relevant to a decision if they are able to understand an explanation of it given to them in
a way which is appropriate to their circumstances.
303 </p>
304 <p>
304 The decision to consent to adoption is significant and life-changing. Before exercising
their decision-making, the parent should freely and fully understand the information set out
on the consent forms, which should be conveyed and explained to them in an appropriate way;
there is no expectation that the parent would be able to understand the precise language of
the consent forms.
304 </p>
305 <p>
305 If there is any doubt about the competence of a parent to give consent to adoption or
placement for adoption, the issue should be referred to a court.
305 </p>
306 <p>
306 Where it is considered that the parent is not capable of giving informed consent but the
Local Authority decide to place the child for adoption following their counselling and
assessment, an application for a placement order must be made (see
306 <a href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2002/38/section/22" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
306 Section 22(1) Adoption and Children Act 2002
306 </a>
306 ).
306 </p>
307 <p>
307 (See also
307 <a href="g_court_rept.html#place_order">
307 Court Reports in Placement Order Applications and in Adoption/Special Guardianship
Guidance, Placement Order Application
307 </a>
307 ).
307 </p>
308 </div>
309 <div class="section1">
309 </div>
315 <div class="section">
315 <h2 id="decision">
315 6. Decision of the Local Authority
315 </h2>
316 <p>
316 Following the counselling stage and if the parent(s) continue to express their need for the
child to be adopted, a decision to proceed to Adoption Panel for the child to be considered
for adoption as a relinquished child should be made by the appropriate Children's Social
Services Officer. (Note however, that it is the Adoption Panel recommendation and the
Adoption Agency Decision Maker that will confirm the plan for the child).
316 </p>
317 <p>
317 See '
317 <a href="files/shobpa_decision.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
317 Should Be Placed for Adoption (SHOBPA) Decision Making
317 </a>
317 '.
317 </p>
318 <p>
318 In addition the Local Authority need to inform the Cafcass office (closest to the
parent(s)/guardian's address). (See
318 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf#page=12" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
318 Letter 1: Advanced Notification of the child to be relinquished for adoption: Sections 19
and 20 Adoption Children Act 2002
318 </a>
318 ).
318 </p>
319 <p>
319 See also:
319 </p>
320 <p>
320 <a href="p_dec_look_aft.html">
320 Decision to Look After and Care Planning Procedure
320 </a>
320 </p>
321 <p>
321 <a href="#accm_ch">
321 Section 6.1.1, Accommodation of the Child
321 </a>
321 </p>
322 <p>
322 <a href="#adopt_case">
322 Section 6.1.3, Adoption Case Record
322 </a>
322 </p>
323 <h3>
323 6.1 Child Who is Already Born
323 </h3>
324 <p>
324 Where the child is already in the care of the parent(s), an assessment and decision should
be promptly made as to the point at which the child should be Accommodated, bearing in mind
that separation will impact upon the child's developing attachment; this could be
'positively' if the parent(s)/guardian bond is poor, with the consequent impact upon the
child's attachment. In many circumstances, the child will be accommodated promptly under
Section 20 (1989 Act) because of a parent(s)/guardian's circumstances and wishes. (See
324 <a href="p_dec_look_aft.html">
324 Decision to Look After and Care Planning Procedure
324 </a>
324 ).
324 </p>
325 <p>
325 The parent should sign their consent to the placement for adoption - having been provided
with all relevant information in respect of adoption, contact and support for them and their
family, (see
325 <a href="#coun_adopt">
325 Section 3.3, Counselling About Adoption
325 </a>
325 ).
325 </p>
326 <p>
326 When the matter has been presented to Adoption Panel and agreed by the Agency Decision Maker
and Cafcass have completed their role, an adoptive placement should be sought. (See
326 <a href="#adopt_panel">
326 Section 8, Adoption Panel
326 </a>
326 ).
326 </p>
327 <p>
327 A referral to the Adoption Team should be made as soon as possible within the 'relinquished
process' so that efforts can be made to identify an appropriate placement, including a
Foster to Adopt placement, (see
327 <a href="p_foster_for_adopt.html">
327 Fostering for Adoption, Concurrent Planning and Temporary Approval as a Foster Carer of
Approved Prospective Adopters Procedure
327 </a>
327 ).
327 </p>
328 <h4>
328 6.1.1
328 <a id="accm_ch">
328 </a>
328 Accommodation of the Child
328 </h4>
329 <p>
329 Following Accommodation of the child, the practitioner should progress the matter as with
any other Child in Care
329 </p>
330 <ul>
331 <li>
331 Ensure a case record for the child is opened and the electronic recording system is
provided with all relevant information, particularly the child's status, (this to be
updated throughout);
331 </li>
332 <li>
332 Advise the Independent Reviewing Unit of the child's placement and status and ensure the
first review is completed within 20 working days, completing all necessary documentation;
332 </li>
333 <li>
333 Complete a Care Plan for the child;
333 </li>
334 <li>
334 Commence the child's Permanence Report (for Adoption Panel);
334 </li>
335 <li>
335 Progress a referral to the (Adoption Panel) Medical Advisor for a health assessment
including CoramBAAF medical assessment forms M and B together with CoramBAAF PH form,
(completed by parent(s));
335 </li>
336 <li>
336 Ensure a birth certificate is obtained: this can be undertaken by the parent;
336 </li>
337 <li>
337 Visit the child's placement in accordance with the regulations and other requirements (see
337 <a href="p_sw_visits.html">
337 Social Worker Visits to Children in Care Procedure
337 </a>
337 );
337 </li>
338 <li>
338 Continue to keep in contact with the parent(s) and continue with counselling about
adoption as wanted/needed by them;
338 </li>
339 <li>
339 Arrange and support contact arrangements with the child as required;
339 </li>
340 <li>
340 Ensure that the child's Life Story Book is commenced and progressed and that the foster
carer is involved in this on as continuous basis;
340 </li>
341 <li>
341 At 6 weeks, obtain parent(s) consent to place the child for adoption and advance placement
to adopt;
341 </li>
342 <li>
342 Discuss with the parent(s) their level of engagement within the process and at what point
they may wish to disengage from the adoption process.
342 </li>
343 </ul>
344 <p>
344 In many instances the parent(s) will be completely disengaged at an early stage and there
might therefore be an issue of continuing engagement to undertake necessary tasks, e.g.
obtaining a birth certificate, completing consent forms, etc.
344 </p>
345 <p>
345 See
345 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf#page=27" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
345 ADCS, Good Practice Guidance for Adoption Agencies and Cafcass: Children Relinquished for
Adoption - Annex 5 'Statement That I Do Not Wish to be Notified of the Application for an
Adoption Order for my Child - Section 20(4) Adoption and Children Act 2002' Proforma
345 </a>
345 .
345 </p>
346 <h4>
346 6.1.2 Preparing the Child
346 </h4>
347 <p>
347 Work with the child, in an age-appropriate way, should be begin to be undertaken to help
prepare them for the planning and changes that will progress them to their permanent
placement. The nature and style of this work will vary greatly on the child and their age,
understanding and capacity and is likely to be a mixture of play, counselling and
'discussion'. This could include a final 'goodbye' contact with their parent(s)/guardian and
family.
347 </p>
348 <h4>
348 6.1.3
348 <a id="adopt_case">
348 </a>
348 Adoption Case Record
348 </h4>
349 <p>
349 Once the Local Authority has made a decision that the plan for the child should be one of
adoption, in addition to the Child in Care record, an Adoption Case Record should be
established.
349 </p>
350 <p>
350 See
350 <a href="p_adop_cas_recs.html#_2contents">
350 Adoption Case Records Procedure, Contents
350 </a>
350 .
350 </p>
351 <h3>
351 6.2 Pre-Birth Child
351 </h3>
352 <p>
352 Many children who are relinquished will come as a pre-birth request from the mother.
Counselling processes / information gathering processes with the mother and, (where
appropriate and known), putative father need to be undertaken and progressed.
352 </p>
353 <p>
353 Additionally, a foster to adopt placement can be sought, (if assessed as appropriate), or
initial request for a placement, together with planning a schedule for Adoption Panel.
353 </p>
354 <p>
354 Note however that formal consent by the mother for an adoption placement and advance consent
to adopt cannot be given until the child is 6 weeks old.
354 </p>
355 <h4>
355 6.2.1 Child's Birth and Discharge from the Maternity Unit
355 </h4>
356 <p>
356 At the point of the child's birth, the mother can decide to care for the child or request
separation. However, greater involvement at this stage by the mother is likely to make it
more difficult to separate.
356 </p>
357 <p>
357 The practitioner should seek to meet with the mother as soon as reasonably possible,
checking with maternity staff that this is appropriate. The focus should be on the
mother's welfare; reflecting on the plan for relinquishing the new-born child and exploring
how the mother / father (if appropriate) want to deal with this stage of the process. It
should also include advice / information, perhaps particularly around separation and naming
the child.
357 </p>
358 <p>
358 This stage of the process is one of particular sensitivity and should be lead by the mother.
The parent(s) can provide as much or as little for the child as they feel they want to at
this very initial stage and should be encouraged / supported - but not pressured - to have
contact with the child. This contact could be at the foster carer's home - given that,
unless there are health issues for the child requiring the child to remain in the maternity
unit, discharge is likely to be after 24 hours and should be to the identified foster carer.
358 </p>
359 <p>
359 It should also be considered that this is the point at which the child's Life Story Book
starts, and provides an opportunity to collate detail and (with permission) photos for the
child's Life Story Book.
359 </p>
360 <p>
360 At the time of birth, the practitioner should:
360 </p>
361 <ul>
362 <li>
362 Provide the maternity unit with the foster carer's details and the foster carer's GP
details;
362 </li>
363 <li>
363 Ensure the CoramBAAF medical Forms M and B for completion by the paediatrician;
363 </li>
364 <li>
364 Mother's Consent Form (CoramBAAF PH) consenting to the completion of the above M and B
Forms.
364 </li>
365 </ul>
366 <p>
366 <span class="bold">
366 Note
366 </span>
366 : these forms should be completed before the child's discharge, so as to avoid unnecessary
delay later.
366 </p>
367 <h4>
367 6.2.2 Accommodation of the child
367 </h4>
368 <p>
368 Following discharge from hospital, the practitioner should progress the matter as with any
other Child in Care (see
368 <a href="#accm_ch">
368 Section 6.1.1, Accommodation of the child
368 </a>
368 ).
368 </p>
369 <p>
369 Additional counselling for the parent or guardian should be provided where the local
authority is seeking to obtain their signed agreement to the placement for adoption of the
child aged under 6 weeks. The local authority should make it clear orally and in writing:
369 </p>
370 <ul>
371 <li>
371 That the parent or guardian retains full Parental Responsibility until:
372 <ul>
373 <li>
373 They give their consent after the child reaches the age of 6 weeks;
373 </li>
374 <li>
374 A Placement Order is made; or
374 </li>
375 <li>
375 An Adoption Order is made.
375 </li>
376 </ul>
377 </li>
378 <li>
378 The parent or guardian may only have contact with the child by agreement with the agency
or by order of the court;
378 </li>
379 <li>
379 Their rights in the event that the parent or guardian asks for the child to be returned
(see
379 <a href="#withdraw">
379 Section 7, Parent(s) Withdraw Their Consent or Change Their Plan for the Child
379 </a>
379 );
379 </li>
380 <li>
380 That after the child is 6 weeks old, the local authority will seek to arrange for them to
give their formal consent to the child being placed for adoption.
380 </li>
381 </ul>
382 <p>
382 Subject to the agreement being signed, the local authority may now place the child. It
should seek to maintain contact for the child with the parents and ascertain when the child
reaches the age of 6 weeks, whether they are prepared to consent to:
382 </p>
383 <ul>
384 <li>
384 A placement of the child for adoption under Section 19 (2002 Act) with a prospective
adopter identified in the Consent, or with any prospective adopter who may be chosen by
the local authority; or
384 </li>
385 <li>
385 A placement of the child for an adoption can proceed. If they are not, and they request
that the child be returned to them, the local authority must comply with that request
unless there are grounds for seeking a Placement Order, or instituting other proceedings.
385 </li>
386 </ul>
387 <h4>
387 6.2.3 Adoption Case Record
387 </h4>
388 <p>
388 See
388 <a href="#adopt_case">
388 Section 6.1.3, Adoption Case Record
388 </a>
388 .
388 </p>
389 </div>
390 <div class="section1">
390 </div>
396 <div class="section">
396 <h2 id="withdraw">
396 7. Parent(s) Withdraw Their Consent or Change Their Plan for the Child
396 </h2>
397 <h3>
397 7.1 Change of Plan
397 </h3>
398 <p>
398 Where the child is Accommodated under Section 20 (Children Act 1989) and is less than 6
weeks old and the parent changes their mind, a request for the child to be returned to the
parent's care must be responded to.
398 </p>
399 <p>
399 Nevertheless, an evaluation of the circumstances should be undertaken and include any
factors that may require a formal child protection risk assessment (see
399 <a
href="https://www.warrington.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2020-03/threshold_of_need_guide_2017
.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
399 Threshold of Need Guide
399 </a>
399 ).
399 </p>
400 <p>
400 Following such an assessment, and if the Local Authority identify the child's welfare and
best interests would not be met by a return to the parent / guardian's care, the Local
Authority may apply for: an Emergency Protection Order or Care Order; a Placement Order or
Adoption Order.
400 </p>
401 <p>
401 If the child has been Accommodated for more than 20 days then the decision should be
undertaken by the Nominated Manager for 'Ceasing Look After a Child'; if the length of time
is fewer than 20 days, then this decision can be undertaken by a Team Manager.
401 </p>
402 <p>
402 In all circumstances, any child returning home should be made on the basis that they are
safeguarded and their welfare and best interests will be promoted. This should take into
account the support that can be provided by Children's Services and its partner agencies.
402 </p>
403 <p>
403 See
403 <a href="p_ceasing_to_la_ch.html#ch_acc_under_s20">
403 Children Accommodated under Section 20
403 </a>
403 and
403 <a href="p_ceasing_to_la_ch.html#relinquished">
403 Relinquished Children
403 </a>
403 in the Ceasing to Look After a Child Procedure.
403 </p>
404 <p>
404 <span class="bold">
404 Note
404 </span>
404 : Where the parent / guardian withdraws their consent to adoption it should not be assumed
that the threshold criteria under section 31(2) will be satisfied and each case needs to be
considered on its own facts. (See
404 <a href="http://www.familylawweek.co.uk/site.aspx?i=ed161764" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
404 Re A O (care proceedings) 2016 EWFC 36
404 </a>
404 ).
404 </p>
405 <h3>
405 7.2 Withdrawal of Consent
405 </h3>
406 <p>
406 The parent(s) can withdraw their consent to the child's placement for adoption at any stage
prior to the prospective adopters issuing an adoption application in relation to the child,
either by using the
406 <a href="https://formfinder.hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/a106-eng.pdf" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
406 'Withdrawal of Consent Sections 19 and 20 of the Adoption and Children Act 2002' form
406 </a>
406 or by written notice given to the Adoption Agency.
406 </p>
407 <p>
407 On receiving the Notice of Withdrawal, the Local Authority (as the agency) will lose the
authority to place and there should be an immediate review of the child's plan for adoption.
Following legal advice, the Local Authority may decide to apply for a Placement Order.
407 </p>
408 <p>
408 <span class="bold">
408 Where the child is not yet placed with adoptive applicants
408 </span>
408 - and the parent or guardian informs the Local Authority that they wish the child to be
returned to their care, the child should be returned to the parent(s) / guardian within 7
days, unless the Local Authority has either made an application for a Placement Order or a
decision is made to apply for a Placement Order.
408 <span class="bold">
408 Where the child is placed for adoption
408 </span>
408 - and the parent or guardian requests the return of the child, the child should be returned
to the agency within 14 days, beginning with the day on which the notice was given, unless
the Authority has either made an application for a placement or a decision is made to apply
for a Placement Order. As soon as the child is returned to the Local Authority / Adoption
Agency, the child must return to the parent / guardian.
408 </p>
409 </div>
410 <div class="section1">
410 </div>
416 <div class="section">
416 <h2 id="adopt_panel">
416 8. Adoption Panel
416 </h2>
417 <p>
417 Once consent has been signed the practitioner should proceed to the Adoption Panel (see
417 <a href="p_adop_panel.html">
417 Adoption Panel Procedure
417 </a>
417 ) after completing the child's Permanency Report and providing the range of required
documents, notably the child Permanency Report.
417 </p>
418 </div>
419 <div class="section1">
419 </div>
425 <div class="section">
425 <h2 id="cafcass">
425 9. CAFCASS - Including Relevant Forms
425 </h2>
426 <p>
426 Once the Adoption Panel and Agency Decision Maker have confirmed the plan for the child to
be adoption, notification must be urgently sent to Cafcass.
426 </p>
427 <p>
427 Note that it is usual practice for the Local Authority to refer to Cafcass after the Panel
and Agency decision to place for adoption. However, the law allows a parent to give consent
for adoption ahead of these processes - although the child must be 6 weeks of age. (This
might be the case if a parent is anxious to give consent at the point of the child being 6
weeks of age, or the Local Authority are satisfied that every effort has been made with
respect to the counselling of the parent who wishes to give consent, and to delay for an
Adoption Panel meeting might then lead to difficulties and, as a result, undue delay for the
child's plan).
427 </p>
428 <p>
428 The principal role of Cafcass is to ensure that consent to place for adoption (Section 19)
and advance consent for an Adoption Order (Section 20) has been made unconditionally and
with a full understanding of all that this means in terms of those sections, of adoption and
all its implications.
428 </p>
429 <p>
429 In doing so, it is helpful for the Schedule 2 (Adoption Agency Regulations) report to be
sent with the formal request to Cafcass.
429 </p>
430 <p>
430 It is not however, the role of Cafcass to challenge birth parents about their decision to
relinquish the child, (as long as they are competent) or the Local Authority / Adoption
Agency 's decisions in respect of birth fathers without Parental Responsibility, involvement
of extended family etc.
430 </p>
431 <h3>
431 9.1 Notification to Cafcass
431 </h3>
432 <p>
432 The following needs to be sent to Cafcass:
432 </p>
433 <ul>
434 <li>
434 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf#page=12" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
434 Notification of child to be relinquished for adoption
434 </a>
434 ;
434 </li>
435 <li>
435 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf#page=19" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
435 Schedule 2 Proforma
435 </a>
435 .
435 </li>
436 </ul>
437 <h3>
437 9.2 Consent Forms to be completed and signed by the parent(s)/guardian:
437 </h3>
438 <p>
438 The following consent forms need to be completed by the parent(s) following the counselling
and witnessed by a Cafcass Officer:
438 </p>
439 <p>
439 <a href="http://hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/GetForm.do?court_forms_id=2620"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">
439 A100: Consent form to placement for adoption with any prospective adopters chosen by the
Adoption Agency - under Section 19 (Adoption and Children 2002 Act)
439 </a>
439 </p>
440 <p>
440 <a href="http://hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/GetForm.do?court_forms_id=2621"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">
440 A101: Consent form to the placement of adoption with identified prospective adopter(s) -
under Section 19 (Adoption and Children 2002 Act)
440 </a>
440 </p>
441 <p>
441 <a href="http://hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/GetForm.do?court_forms_id=2622"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">
441 A102: Consent form to the placement of adoption with identified prospective carers and, if
the placement breaks down, with any prospective adopters chosen by the Adoption Agency -
under Section 19 (Adoption and Children 2002 Act)
441 </a>
441 </p>
442 <p>
442 <a href="http://hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/GetForm.do?court_forms_id=2623"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">
442 A103: Advance consent to adoption - Section 20 (Adoption and Children Act 2002)
442 </a>
442 </p>
443 <p>
443 <a href="http://hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/GetForm.do?court_forms_id=2624"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">
443 A104: Consent to Adoption (Adoption and Children Act 2002)
443 </a>
443 </p>
444 <p>
444 <a href="http://hmctsformfinder.justice.gov.uk/HMCTS/GetForm.do?court_forms_id=2626"
target="_blank" rel="noopener">
444 A106: Withdrawal of Consent to Sections 19 and 20 (Adoption and Children Act 2002)
444 </a>
444 </p>
445 <h3>
445 9.3 Cafcass Outcome/Response
445 </h3>
446 <ul>
447 <li>
447 <span class="bold">
447 Consent to place for adoption (Section 19)
447 </span>
447 : consent has been unconditionally and properly given with full knowledge and
comprehension of adoption and the process;
447 </li>
448 <li>
448 <span class="bold">
448 Consent to place for adoption (Section 19) and Advance consent to the making of an
adoption order (Section 20)
448 </span>
448 : consent has been unconditionally and properly given to both placement and Adoption Order
with full knowledge and comprehension of adoption and the process.
448 <br />
449 <br />
450 The Local Authority should receive the following letter from the Cafcass Officer:
450 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf#page=16" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
450 Relinquished child: Countersigning Consent Forms (Letter 3)
450 </a>
450 .
450 <br>
451 <br>
452 <span class="bold">
452 Note
452 </span>
452 :
453 <ul>
454 <li>
454 Where advance consent to the making of an Adoption Order (Section 20) this letter is
amended to reflect this);
454 </li>
455 <li>
455 Where the parent(s) / guardian has identified and given notice that they do not wish
to be notified when an application for an Adoption Order is made, Section 20(4)
Adoption and Children Act) the letter should also acknowledge this and attach a
'Statement' to this effect.
455 </li>
456 </ul>
457 </li>
458 </ul>
459 <p>
459 (See
459 <a href="files/cafcass_adcs_relinquished_adopt.pdf#page=27" target="_blank"
rel="noopener">
459 Annex 5: Statement That I Do Not Wish to be Notified of the Application for an Adoption
Order for my child
459 </a>
459 ).
459 </p>
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489 <script type="text/javascript" src="js/highlight.js" defer>
489 </script>
490 <script src="js/iframe/iframeResizer.js">
490 </script>
492 <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" defer>
492 </script>
493 <script src="js/jqueryui/jquery-ui-1.9.1.custom.min.js" defer>
493 </script>
494 <script src="js/jquery.tocify.js" defer>
494 </script>
495 <script src="js/dropdowns-enhancement.js" defer>
495 </script>
496 <script src="js/scroll.js" defer>
496 </script>
497 <script src="js/custom.js" defer>
497 </script>
498 <script src="js/dmss.js" defer>
498 </script>
499 <script type="text/javascript"
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499 </script>
501 <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jQuery.print.js" defer>
501 </script>
502 <script src="js/jquery.shareemail.js" type="text/javascript" defer>
502 </script>
503 <script src="js/cookie-code/jquery.cookiebar.js" defer>
503 </script>
506 <a id="scrollup">
506 <i class="up">
506 </i>
506 </a>
507 <div id="background">
508 <p id="bg_text">
508 Trix procedures
508 </p>
509 <p id="bg_text_msg">
509 Only valid for 48hrs
509 </p>
510 </div>
515 <script type="text/javascript">
523 </script>
526 </body>
527 </html>